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Sudan, sentence 111

From Wikipedia, «Sudan», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

To the south, the kingdom of Alodia fell to either the Arabs, commanded by tribal leader Abdallah Jamma, or the Funj, an African people originating from the south.

Who acts: kingdom, African people · What happens: fall, command, originate · To what, where: Arabs, south · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Sudan». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (kingdom, African people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

The tree

casedetoblpunctdetnsubjcasenmodmarkcc:preconjdetobjpunctaclcaseamodoblapposflatpunctccdetconjpunctdetamodapposaclcasedetoblpunctrootToADPtheDETsouthNOUN,PUNCTtheDETkingdomNOUNofADPAlodiaPROPNfellVERBtoPARTeitherCCONJtheDETArabsPROPN,PUNCTcommandedVERBbyADPtribalADJleaderNOUNAbdallahPROPNJammaPROPN,PUNCTorCCONJtheDETFunjPROPN,PUNCTanDETAfricanADJpeopleNOUNoriginatingVERBfromADPtheDETsouthNOUN.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1TotoADP_3 southcase
2thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art3 southdet
3southsouthNOUNNumber=Sing9 fellobl
4,,PUNCT_3 southpunct
5thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art6 kingdomdet
6kingdomkingdomNOUNNumber=Sing9 fellnsubj
7ofofADP_8 Alodiacase
8AlodiaAlodiaPROPNNumber=Sing6 kingdomnmod
9fellfallVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Finrootroot
10totoPART_13 Arabsmark
11eithereitherCCONJ_13 Arabscc:preconj
12thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art13 Arabsdet
13ArabsArabPROPNNumber=Plur9 fellobj
14,,PUNCT_15 commandedpunct
15commandedcommandVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass13 Arabsacl
16bybyADP_18 leadercase
17tribaltribalADJDegree=Pos18 leaderamod
18leaderleaderNOUNNumber=Sing15 commandedobl
19AbdallahAbdallahPROPNNumber=Sing18 leaderappos
20JammaJammaPROPNNumber=Sing19 Abdallahflat
21,,PUNCT_24 Funjpunct
22ororCCONJ_24 Funjcc
23thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art24 Funjdet
24FunjFunjPROPNNumber=Sing13 Arabsconj
25,,PUNCT_28 peoplepunct
26anaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art28 peopledet
27AfricanAfricanADJDegree=Pos28 peopleamod
28peoplepeopleNOUNNumber=Plur24 Funjappos
29originatingoriginateVERBVerbForm=Ger28 peopleacl
30fromfromADP_32 southcase
31thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art32 southdet
32southsouthNOUNNumber=Sing29 originatingobl
33..PUNCT_9 fellpunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1fallpastthe kingdom of Alodiathe Arabs or the Funjto the south resultvn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient arab=Extent to south=Result
2commandparticiplethe Arabs or the Funj not said hereby tribal leadervn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.theme PP.predicate»: agent=Agent by leader=Eventuality
3originategerunda African people not said herethe southvn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: the English Wikipedia, «Sudan», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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