Sweden, sentence 136
From Wikipedia, «Sweden», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
In the 18th century, Sweden did not have enough resources to maintain its territories outside Scandinavia, and most of them were lost, culminating with the loss in 1809 of eastern Sweden to Russia, which became the highly autonomous Grand Principality of Finland in Imperial Russia.
Who acts: Sweden, enough resources, Russia · What happens: not have, maintain, lose, culminate, become · To what, where: enough resources, territories, most, Russia, 1809, autonomous Grand Principality
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Sweden». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sweden, enough resources, Russia), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 4 century | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 century | det |
| 3 | 18th | 18th | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Combi NumType=Ord | 4 century | amod |
| 4 | century | century | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 have | obl |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 century | punct |
| 6 | Sweden | Sweden | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 have | nsubj |
| 7 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 have | aux |
| 8 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 9 have | advmod |
| 9 | have | have | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 10 | enough | enough | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 resources | amod |
| 11 | resources | resource | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 have | obj |
| 12 | to | to | PART | _ | 13 maintain | mark |
| 13 | maintain | maintain | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 have | xcomp |
| 14 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 territories | nmod:poss |
| 15 | territories | territory | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 maintain | obj |
| 16 | outside | outside | ADP | _ | 17 Scandinavia | case |
| 17 | Scandinavia | Scandinavia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 territories | nmod |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 lost | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 lost | cc |
| 20 | most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 24 lost | nsubj |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 them | case |
| 22 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 most | nmod |
| 23 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 lost | aux:pass |
| 24 | lost | lose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 have | conj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 culminating | punct |
| 26 | culminating | culminate | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 24 lost | advcl |
| 27 | with | with | ADP | _ | 29 loss | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 loss | det |
| 29 | loss | loss | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 culminating | obl |
| 30 | in | in | ADP | _ | 31 1809 | case |
| 31 | 1809 | 1809 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 26 culminating | obl |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 34 Sweden | case |
| 33 | eastern | eastern | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 Sweden | amod |
| 34 | Sweden | Sweden | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 1809 | nmod |
| 35 | to | to | ADP | _ | 36 Russia | case |
| 36 | Russia | Russia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 culminating | obl |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 became | punct |
| 38 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 39 became | nsubj |
| 39 | became | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 36 Russia | acl:relcl |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 Principality | det |
| 41 | highly | highly | ADV | _ | 42 autonomous | advmod |
| 42 | autonomous | autonomous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 44 Principality | amod |
| 43 | Grand | grand | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 44 Principality | amod |
| 44 | Principality | principality | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 became | xcomp |
| 45 | of | of | ADP | _ | 46 Finland | case |
| 46 | Finland | Finland | PROPN | Number=Sing | 44 Principality | nmod |
| 47 | in | in | ADP | _ | 49 Russia | case |
| 48 | Imperial | Imperial | PROPN | Number=Sing | 49 Russia | compound |
| 49 | Russia | Russia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 46 Finland | nmod |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 have | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not have | past · do-support | Sweden | enough resources | century | tree rules | |||
| 2 | maintain | to-infinitive | enough resources not said here | first's territories | outside Scandinavia | vn declare-29.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent territory=Theme | |||
| 3 | lose | past · passive | most of Sweden | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality | |||||
| 4 | culminate | gerund | Russia | 1809 of eastern Sweden | with the loss | tree rules | |||
| 5 | become | past | Russia | the autonomous Grand Principality of Finland in Imperial Russia | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Sweden», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Sweden/136/