Sweden, sentence 559
From Wikipedia, «Sweden», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
To varying degrees, a majority of Swedes, especially those born after World War II, understand and speak English, owing to trade links, the popularity of overseas travel, a strong Anglo-American influence and the tradition of subtitling rather than dubbing foreign television shows and films, and the relative similarity of the two languages which makes learning English easier.
Who acts: Swedes, tradition, relative similarity · What happens: vary, bear, understand, speak, owe, trade · To what, where: degrees, Swedes, English, popularity, links, foreign television shows · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Sweden». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Swedes, tradition, relative similarity), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | To | to | SCONJ | _ | 2 varying | mark |
| 2 | varying | vary | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 3 | degrees | degree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 varying | obj |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 varying | punct |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 majority | det |
| 6 | majority | majority | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 varying | obj |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 Swedes | case |
| 8 | Swedes | swede | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 majority | nmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 understand | punct |
| 10 | especially | especially | ADV | _ | 18 understand | advmod |
| 11 | those | that | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 18 understand | nsubj |
| 12 | born | bear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 those | acl |
| 13 | after | after | ADP | _ | 15 War | case |
| 14 | World | World | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 War | compound |
| 15 | War | War | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 born | obl |
| 16 | II | II | NUM | NumForm=Roman NumType=Card | 15 War | flat |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 those | punct |
| 18 | understand | understand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 Swedes | acl:relcl |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 speak | cc |
| 20 | speak | speak | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 understand | conj |
| 21 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 speak | obj |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 owing | punct |
| 23 | owing | owe | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 20 speak | advcl |
| 24 | to | to | PART | _ | 25 trade | mark |
| 25 | trade | trade | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 23 owing | xcomp |
| 26 | links | link | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 trade | obj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 popularity | punct |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 popularity | det |
| 29 | popularity | popularity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 owing | obl |
| 30 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 travel | case |
| 31 | overseas | overseas | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 travel | amod |
| 32 | travel | travel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 popularity | nmod |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 influence | punct |
| 34 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 39 influence | det |
| 35 | strong | strong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 influence | amod |
| 36 | Anglo | Anglo | X | _ | 38 American | compound |
| 37 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 36 Anglo | punct |
| 38 | American | American | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 influence | amod |
| 39 | influence | influence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 travel | conj |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 42 tradition | cc |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 tradition | det |
| 42 | tradition | tradition | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 travel | conj |
| 43 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 44 subtitling | mark |
| 44 | subtitling | subtitle | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 42 tradition | acl |
| 45 | rather | rather | ADV | ExtPos=CCONJ | 47 dubbing | cc |
| 46 | than | than | ADP | _ | 45 rather | fixed |
| 47 | dubbing | dub | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 44 subtitling | conj |
| 48 | foreign | foreign | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 50 shows | amod |
| 49 | television | television | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 shows | compound |
| 50 | shows | show | NOUN | Number=Plur | 47 dubbing | obj |
| 51 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 52 films | cc |
| 52 | films | film | NOUN | Number=Plur | 50 shows | conj |
| 53 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 57 similarity | punct |
| 54 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 57 similarity | cc |
| 55 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 57 similarity | det |
| 56 | relative | relative | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 57 similarity | amod |
| 57 | similarity | similarity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 varying | obl |
| 58 | of | of | ADP | _ | 61 languages | case |
| 59 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 61 languages | det |
| 60 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 61 languages | nummod |
| 61 | languages | language | NOUN | Number=Plur | 57 similarity | nmod |
| 62 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 63 makes | nsubj |
| 63 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 57 similarity | acl:relcl |
| 64 | learning | learn | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 63 makes | xcomp |
| 65 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 64 learning | obj |
| 66 | easier | easy | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 63 makes | xcomp |
| 67 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 varying | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | vary | gerund | degrees | the relative similarity of the two languages obl; a majority of Swedes obj | vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient NP.extent PP.initial_state PP.result»: agent=Causer degree=Patient majority=Extent | ||||
| 2 | bear | participle | after World War | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 3 | understand | present | Swedes | Swedes not said here | especially property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer swede=Stimulus | |||
| 4 | speak speech: other | present | Swedes not said here | English | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | owe | gerund | Swedes not said here | the popularity of overseas travel and a strong American influence and the tradition | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | trade | to-infinitive | Swedes not said here | links | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent link=Theme | ||||
| 7 | subtitle | gerund | the tradition not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 8 | dub | gerund | the tradition not said here | foreign television shows and films | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent show=Theme | ||||
| 9 | make | present | the relative similarity of the two languages | easy property | tree rules | ||||
| 10 | learn | gerund | the relative similarity of the two languages not said here | English | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent english=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Sweden», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Sweden/559/