Switzerland, sentence 12
From Wikipedia, «Switzerland», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Switzerland remained a network of self-governing states until 1798, when revolutionary France invaded and imposed the centralist Helvetic Republic.
Who acts: Switzerland, revolutionary France · What happens: remain, govern, invade, impose · To what, where: network, centralist
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Switzerland». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Switzerland, revolutionary France), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Switzerland | Switzerland | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 remained | nsubj |
| 2 | remained | remain | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 network | det |
| 4 | network | network | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 remained | obj |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 states | case |
| 6 | self | self | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 governing | compound |
| 7 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 6 self | punct |
| 8 | governing | govern | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 9 states | amod |
| 9 | states | state | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 network | nmod |
| 10 | until | until | ADP | _ | 11 1798 | case |
| 11 | 1798 | 1798 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 2 remained | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 invaded | punct |
| 13 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 16 invaded | advmod |
| 14 | revolutionary | revolutionary | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 France | amod |
| 15 | France | France | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 invaded | nsubj |
| 16 | invaded | invade | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 remained | parataxis |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 imposed | cc |
| 18 | imposed | impose | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 invaded | conj |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 centralist | det |
| 20 | centralist | centralist | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 imposed | obj |
| 21 | Helvetic | Helvetic | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 centralist | appos |
| 22 | Republic | Republic | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 Helvetic | flat |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 remained | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | remain | past | Switzerland | a network of governing states | until 1798 | vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme network=Attribute | |||
| 2 | govern | gerund | self compound | vn supervision-95.2.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | invade | past | revolutionary France | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | impose | past | revolutionary France not said here | the centralist | vn enforce-63 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent centralist=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Switzerland», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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