Switzerland, sentence 273
From Wikipedia, «Switzerland», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
An optional referendum challenges a law passed by parliament.
Who acts: optional referendum · What happens: challenge, pass · To what, where: law
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Switzerland». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (optional referendum), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | An | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 referendum | det |
| 2 | optional | optional | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 referendum | amod |
| 3 | referendum | referendum | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 challenges | nsubj |
| 4 | challenges | challenge | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 law | det |
| 6 | law | law | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 challenges | obj |
| 7 | passed | pass | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 law | acl |
| 8 | by | by | ADP | _ | 9 parliament | case |
| 9 | parliament | parliament | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 passed | obl |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 challenges | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | challenge | present | a optional referendum | a law | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | pass | participle | a law not said here | by parliament | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme by parliament=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Switzerland», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Switzerland/273/