Switzerland, sentence 34
From Wikipedia, «Switzerland», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
The Latin name Confoederatio Helvetica was neologised and introduced gradually after the formation of the federal state in 1848, harking back to the Napoleonic Helvetic Republic.
What happens: neologis, introduce, hark back · To what, where: Latin name, 1848
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Switzerland». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 name | det |
| 2 | Latin | Latin | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 name | amod |
| 3 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 neologised | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | Confoederatio | Confoederatio | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 name | appos |
| 5 | Helvetica | Helvetica | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 Confoederatio | flat |
| 6 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 neologised | aux:pass |
| 7 | neologised | neologis | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 introduced | cc |
| 9 | introduced | introduce | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 neologised | conj |
| 10 | gradually | gradually | ADV | _ | 9 introduced | advmod |
| 11 | after | after | ADP | _ | 13 formation | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 formation | det |
| 13 | formation | formation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 neologised | obl |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 state | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 state | det |
| 16 | federal | federal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 state | amod |
| 17 | state | state | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 formation | nmod |
| 18 | in | in | ADP | _ | 19 1848 | case |
| 19 | 1848 | 1848 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 7 neologised | obl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 harking | punct |
| 21 | harking | hark | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 neologised | advcl |
| 22 | back | back | ADV | _ | 21 harking | advmod |
| 23 | to | to | ADP | _ | 27 Republic | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 Republic | det |
| 25 | Napoleonic | Napoleonic | PROPN | Number=Sing | 27 Republic | compound |
| 26 | Helvetic | Helvetic | PROPN | Number=Sing | 27 Republic | compound |
| 27 | Republic | Republic | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 harking | obl |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 neologised | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | neologis | past · passive | the Latin name | 1848 | after the formation of the federal state | tree rules | |||
| 2 | introduce | participle | gradually property | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 3 | hark back | gerund | to the Napoleonic Helvetic Republic | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Switzerland», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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