Switzerland, sentence 345
From Wikipedia, «Switzerland», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
The Swiss have faced EU and international pressure to reduce banking secrecy and raise tax rates to parity with the EU.
Who acts: Swiss · What happens: face, reduce, bank, raise · To what, where: EU, banking secrecy, tax rates, parity
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Switzerland». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Swiss), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Swiss | det |
| 2 | Swiss | Swis | PROPN | Number=Plur | 4 faced | nsubj |
| 3 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 faced | aux |
| 4 | faced | face | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 5 | EU | EU | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 faced | obj |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 pressure | cc |
| 7 | international | international | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 pressure | amod |
| 8 | pressure | pressure | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 EU | conj |
| 9 | to | to | PART | _ | 10 reduce | mark |
| 10 | reduce | reduce | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 faced | advcl |
| 11 | banking | bank | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 12 secrecy | amod |
| 12 | secrecy | secrecy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 reduce | obj |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 raise | cc |
| 14 | raise | raise | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 reduce | conj |
| 15 | tax | tax | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 rates | compound |
| 16 | rates | rate | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 raise | obj |
| 17 | to | to | ADP | _ | 18 parity | case |
| 18 | parity | parity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 raise | obl |
| 19 | with | with | ADP | _ | 21 EU | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 EU | det |
| 21 | EU | EU | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 parity | nmod |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 faced | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | face | present · perfect | the Swiss | EU and international pressure | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent eu=Destination | ||||
| 2 | reduce | to-infinitive | the Swiss not said here | banking secrecy | vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer secrecy=Patient | ||||
| 3 | bank | gerund | vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S_ING»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 4 | raise | infinitive | the Swiss not said here | tax rates | parity with the EU | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent rate=Theme to parity=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Switzerland», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Switzerland/345/