Switzerland, sentence 46
From Wikipedia, «Switzerland», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Facing pressures from Germanic tribes, in 58 BC, the Helvetii, influenced by Orgetorix, a wealthy aristocrat, decided to abandon the Swiss Plateau for better opportunities in western Gallia.
Who acts: Helvetii · What happens: face, influence, decide, abandon · To what, where: pressures, Germanic tribes, Helvetii, Swiss Plateau
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Switzerland». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Helvetii), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Facing | face | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 22 decided | advcl |
| 2 | pressures | pressure | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Facing | obj |
| 3 | from | from | ADP | _ | 5 tribes | case |
| 4 | Germanic | germanic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 tribes | amod |
| 5 | tribes | tribe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Facing | obl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 58 | punct |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 58 | case |
| 8 | 58 | 58 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 5 tribes | appos |
| 9 | BC | BC | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 58 | nmod:unmarked |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Facing | punct |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 Helvetii | det |
| 12 | Helvetii | Helvetii | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 decided | nsubj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 influenced | punct |
| 14 | influenced | influence | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 Helvetii | acl |
| 15 | by | by | ADP | _ | 16 Orgetorix | case |
| 16 | Orgetorix | Orgetorix | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 influenced | obl:agent |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 aristocrat | punct |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 aristocrat | det |
| 19 | wealthy | wealthy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 aristocrat | amod |
| 20 | aristocrat | aristocrat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 Orgetorix | appos |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 decided | punct |
| 22 | decided | decide | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 23 | to | to | PART | _ | 24 abandon | mark |
| 24 | abandon | abandon | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 decided | xcomp |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 Plateau | det |
| 26 | Swiss | Swiss | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 Plateau | amod |
| 27 | Plateau | plateau | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 abandon | obj |
| 28 | for | for | ADP | _ | 30 opportunities | case |
| 29 | better | good | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 30 opportunities | amod |
| 30 | opportunities | opportunity | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 abandon | obl |
| 31 | in | in | ADP | _ | 33 Gallia | case |
| 32 | western | western | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 Gallia | amod |
| 33 | Gallia | Gallia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 opportunities | nmod |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 22 decided | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | face | gerund | the Helvetii not said here | pressures | Germanic tribes | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme pressure=Destination | |||
| 2 | influence | participle | the Helvetii not said here | Orgetorix obl:agent | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | decide | past | the Helvetii | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | abandon not said to happen | to-infinitive | the Helvetii not said here | the Swiss Plateau | for better opportunities in western Gallia | vn leave-51.2 «NP V NP.initial_location»: agent=Theme plateau=Source |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Switzerland», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Switzerland/46/