Switzerland, sentence 488
From Wikipedia, «Switzerland», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Switzerland has four national languages: mainly German (spoken natively by 62% of the population in 2026); French (22.7%) spoken natively in the west; and Italian (8.2%) spoken natively in the south.
Who acts: Switzerland · What happens: have, speak · To what, where: four national languages, west, south · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Switzerland». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Switzerland), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Switzerland | Switzerland | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 has | nsubj |
| 2 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | four | four | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 5 languages | nummod |
| 4 | national | national | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 languages | amod |
| 5 | languages | language | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 has | obj |
| 6 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 8 German | punct |
| 7 | mainly | mainly | ADV | _ | 8 German | advmod |
| 8 | German | German | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 has | parataxis |
| 9 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 10 spoken | punct |
| 10 | spoken | speak | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 German | acl |
| 11 | natively | natively | ADV | _ | 10 spoken | advmod |
| 12 | by | by | ADP | _ | 14 % | case |
| 13 | 62 | 62 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 14 % | nummod |
| 14 | % | % | SYM | Number=Sing | 10 spoken | obl |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 population | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 population | det |
| 17 | population | population | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 % | nmod |
| 18 | in | in | ADP | _ | 19 2026 | case |
| 19 | 2026 | 2026 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 17 population | nmod |
| 20 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 19 2026 | punct |
| 21 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 22 French | punct |
| 22 | French | French | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 German | conj |
| 23 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 25 % | punct |
| 24 | 22.7 | 22.7 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 25 % | nummod |
| 25 | % | % | SYM | Number=Sing | 22 French | obl |
| 26 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 25 % | punct |
| 27 | spoken | speak | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 25 % | acl |
| 28 | natively | natively | ADV | _ | 27 spoken | advmod |
| 29 | in | in | ADP | _ | 31 west | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 west | det |
| 31 | west | west | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 spoken | obl |
| 32 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 34 Italian | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 Italian | cc |
| 34 | Italian | Italian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 has | parataxis |
| 35 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 37 % | punct |
| 36 | 8.2 | 8.2 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 37 % | nummod |
| 37 | % | % | SYM | Number=Sing | 34 Italian | parataxis |
| 38 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 37 % | punct |
| 39 | spoken | speak | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 37 % | acl |
| 40 | natively | natively | ADV | _ | 39 spoken | advmod |
| 41 | in | in | ADP | _ | 43 south | case |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 south | det |
| 43 | south | south | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 spoken | obl |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 has | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | Switzerland | four national languages | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent language=Patient | ||||
| 2 | speak speech: other | participle | natively property | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | speak speech: other | participle | the west | natively property | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | speak speech: other | participle | the south | natively property | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Switzerland», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Switzerland/488/