Switzerland, sentence 491
From Wikipedia, «Switzerland», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
However, federal laws and other official acts do not need to be decreed in Romansh.
Who acts: federal laws · What happens: not need, decree · To what, where: Romansh
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Switzerland». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (federal laws), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | However | however | ADV | _ | 11 need | advmod |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 However | punct |
| 3 | federal | federal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 laws | amod |
| 4 | laws | law | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 need | nsubj |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 acts | cc |
| 6 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 acts | amod |
| 7 | official | official | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 acts | amod |
| 8 | acts | act | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 laws | conj |
| 9 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 need | aux |
| 10 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 11 need | advmod |
| 11 | need | need | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 12 | to | to | PART | _ | 14 decreed | mark |
| 13 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 14 decreed | aux:pass |
| 14 | decreed | decree | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 need | xcomp |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 Romansh | case |
| 16 | Romansh | Romansh | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 decreed | obl |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 need | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not need | present · do-support | federal laws and other official acts | however property | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | ||||
| 2 | decree not said to happen | to-infinitive · passive | federal laws and other official acts not said here | Romansh | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP» |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Switzerland», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Switzerland/491/