Syria, sentence 31
From Wikipedia, «Syria», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Several sources indicate that the name Syria is borrowed from the Ancient Greek name Σύριοι Sýrioi, or Σύροι Sýroi, which is in turn borrowed from Luwian sura/i- (attested in the 8th century BC), and ultimately derived from Aššūr (Assyria) in northern Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq and north-eastern Syria).
Who acts: Several sources, Ancient Greek name · What happens: indicate, borrow, be, attest, derive · To what, where: name, Ancient Greek name, turn, Luwian sura/i, Aššūr
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Syria». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Several sources, Ancient Greek name), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Several | several | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 sources | amod |
| 2 | sources | source | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 indicate | nsubj |
| 3 | indicate | indicate | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 9 borrowed | mark |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 name | det |
| 6 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 borrowed | nsubj:pass |
| 7 | Syria | Syria | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 name | appos |
| 8 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 borrowed | aux:pass |
| 9 | borrowed | borrow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 indicate | ccomp |
| 10 | from | from | ADP | _ | 14 name | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 name | det |
| 12 | Ancient | ancient | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 name | amod |
| 13 | Greek | Greek | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 name | amod |
| 14 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 borrowed | obl |
| 15 | Σύριοι | Σύριοι | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 name | appos |
| 16 | Sýrioi | Sýrioi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 Σύριοι | flat |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 Sýroi | punct |
| 18 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 20 Sýroi | cc |
| 19 | Σύροι | Σύροι | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 Sýroi | compound |
| 20 | Sýroi | Sýroi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 Σύριοι | conj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 turn | punct |
| 22 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 25 turn | nsubj |
| 23 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 turn | cop |
| 24 | in | in | ADP | _ | 25 turn | case |
| 25 | turn | turn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 name | conj |
| 26 | borrowed | borrow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 25 turn | acl |
| 27 | from | from | ADP | _ | 29 sura/i | case |
| 28 | Luwian | Luwian | PROPN | Number=Sing | 29 sura/i | compound |
| 29 | sura/i | sura/i | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 borrowed | obl |
| 30 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 29 sura/i | punct |
| 31 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 32 attested | punct |
| 32 | attested | attest | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 29 sura/i | acl |
| 33 | in | in | ADP | _ | 36 century | case |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 century | det |
| 35 | 8th | 8th | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Combi NumType=Ord | 36 century | amod |
| 36 | century | century | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 attested | obl |
| 37 | BC | BC | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 century | appos |
| 38 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 32 attested | punct |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 derived | punct |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 42 derived | cc |
| 41 | ultimately | ultimately | ADV | _ | 42 derived | advmod |
| 42 | derived | derive | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 indicate | conj |
| 43 | from | from | ADP | _ | 44 Aššūr | case |
| 44 | Aššūr | Aššūr | PROPN | Number=Sing | 42 derived | obl |
| 45 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 46 Assyria | punct |
| 46 | Assyria | Assyria | PROPN | Number=Sing | 44 Aššūr | appos |
| 47 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 46 Assyria | punct |
| 48 | in | in | ADP | _ | 50 Mesopotamia | case |
| 49 | northern | northern | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 50 Mesopotamia | amod |
| 50 | Mesopotamia | Mesopotamia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 42 derived | obl |
| 51 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 55 Iraq | punct |
| 52 | present | present | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 54 day | amod |
| 53 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 52 present | punct |
| 54 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 55 Iraq | compound |
| 55 | Iraq | Iraq | PROPN | Number=Sing | 50 Mesopotamia | appos |
| 56 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 60 Syria | cc |
| 57 | north | north | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 59 eastern | compound |
| 58 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 57 north | punct |
| 59 | eastern | eastern | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 60 Syria | amod |
| 60 | Syria | Syria | PROPN | Number=Sing | 55 Iraq | conj |
| 61 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 55 Iraq | punct |
| 62 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 indicate | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | indicate | present | Several sources | vn indicate-78-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | borrow | present · passive | the name | the Ancient Greek name and turn | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Theme from name=Source | ||||
| 3 | is | present | the Ancient Greek name and turn | turn | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | borrow | participle | turn not said here | Luwian sura/i | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent from sura/i=Source | ||||
| 5 | attest | participle | Luwian sura/i not said here | century | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | derive | participle | Several sources not said here | Aššūr | in northern Mesopotamia; ultimately property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in mesopotamia=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Syria», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Syria/31/