Tallinn, sentence 80
From Wikipedia, «Tallinn», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
The substrate into which the buried valleys were carved is made up of hard sedimentary rock of Ediacaran, Cambrian and Ordovician age.
What happens: bury, carve, make up · To what, where: buried valleys, substrate
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Tallinn». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 substrate | det |
| 2 | substrate | substrate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 made | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | into | into | ADP | _ | 4 which | case |
| 4 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 9 carved | obl |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 valleys | det |
| 6 | buried | bury | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 valleys | amod |
| 7 | valleys | valley | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 carved | nsubj:pass |
| 8 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 carved | aux:pass |
| 9 | carved | carve | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 substrate | acl:relcl |
| 10 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 made | aux:pass |
| 11 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 12 | up | up | ADP | _ | 11 made | compound:prt |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 rock | case |
| 14 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 rock | amod |
| 15 | sedimentary | sedimentary | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 rock | amod |
| 16 | rock | rock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 made | obl |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 Ediacaran | case |
| 18 | Ediacaran | Ediacaran | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 rock | nmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 Cambrian | punct |
| 20 | Cambrian | Cambrian | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 Ediacaran | conj |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 age | cc |
| 22 | Ordovician | ordovician | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 age | amod |
| 23 | age | age | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 rock | conj |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 made | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | bury | participle | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 2 | carve | past · passive | the buried valleys | the substrate | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: subject=Material into which=Product | ||||
| 3 | make up | present · passive | the substrate | of hard sedimentary rock of Ediacaran and Cambrian and Ordovician age | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Pivot |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Tallinn», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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