The Gambia, sentence 12
From Wikipedia, «The Gambia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
In 1965, 200 years later, the Gambia gained independence under the leadership of Dawda Jawara.
Who acts: Gambia · What happens: gain · To what, where: independence
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «The Gambia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gambia), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 2 1965 | case |
| 2 | 1965 | 1965 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 10 gained | obl |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 1965 | punct |
| 4 | 200 | 200 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 5 years | nummod |
| 5 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 later | obl:unmarked |
| 6 | later | late | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 2 1965 | advmod |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 1965 | punct |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 Gambia | det |
| 9 | Gambia | Gambia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 gained | nsubj |
| 10 | gained | gain | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | independence | independence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 gained | obj |
| 12 | under | under | ADP | _ | 14 leadership | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 leadership | det |
| 14 | leadership | leadership | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 gained | obl |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 Dawda | case |
| 16 | Dawda | Dawda | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 leadership | nmod |
| 17 | Jawara | Jawara | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 Dawda | flat |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 gained | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | gain | past | the Gambia | independence | under the leadership of Dawda; in 1965 | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient independence=Extent in 1965=Attribute |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «The Gambia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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