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The Hague · page 2

From Wikipedia, «The Hague», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Climate

The Hague experiences a temperate oceanic climate (Köppen: Cfb) similar to almost all of the Netherlands.115 Because of its location on the coast, it experiences milder winters and cooler summers than more inland locations.116 However, because of its location, it can also be extremely windy in the winter and humid in the summer.117 It also gets more sunshine.118

Cityscape

See also: List of tallest buildings in Haaglanden

City life concentrates around the Hofvijver and the Binnenhof, where the States General of the Netherlands is located.119 Because of its history, the historical inner city of The Hague differs in various aspects from the nearby smaller cities of Leiden and Delft.120 It does not have a cramped inner city, bordered by canals and walls.121 Instead, it has some small streets in the town centre that may be dated from the late Middle Ages and several spacious streets boasting large and luxurious 18th-century residences built for diplomats and affluent Dutch families.122 It has a large church dating from the 15th century, a City Hall (built as such) from the 16th century, several large 17th-century palaces, a 17th-century Protestant church built in what was then a modern style, and many important 18th-century buildings.123

The city is becoming more student-friendly with the introduction of a new campus in 2012 of Leiden University as well as Leiden University College The Hague, which was established in 2010.124 The Royal Conservatory of The Hague and the Royal Academy of Art are also located there, as well as The Hague University, a vocational university, and a branch of The Open University of the Netherlands.125 The city has many civil servants and diplomats.[30]126 In fact, the number and variety of foreign residents (especially the expatriates) make the city quite culturally diverse, with many foreign pubs, shops and cultural events.127

The Hague is the largest Dutch city on the North Sea and includes two distinct beach resorts.128 The main beach resort Scheveningen, in the northwestern part of the city, is a popular destination for tourists as well as for inhabitants.129 With 10 million visitors a year, it is the most popular beach town in the Benelux area.130 Kijkduin, in the southwest, is The Hague's other beach resort.131 It is significantly smaller and attracts mainly local residents.132

The former Dutch colony of the East Indies, now Indonesia corpus, has left its mark on The Hague.133 Since the 19th century, high-level civil servants from the Dutch East Indies often spent long-term leave and vacations in The Hague.134 Many streets are named after places in the Netherlands East Indies (as well as other former Dutch colonies such as Suriname), and there is a sizable "Indo" (i.e., mixed Dutch-Indonesian) community.135 Since the loss of these Dutch possessions in December 1949, "Indo people" also known as "Indische people" often refer to The Hague as "the Widow of the Indies".[31]136

The older parts of the town have many characteristically wide and long streets.137 Houses are generally low-rise (often not more than three floors).138 A large part of the southwestern city was planned by the progressive Dutch architect H.P.139 Berlage about 1910.140 This 'Plan Berlage' decided the spacious and homely streets for several decades.141 In World War II, a large portion of the western portion of The Hague was destroyed by the Germans.142 Afterward, modernist architect W.M.143 Dudok planned its renewal, putting apartment blocks for the middle class in open park-like settings.144

The layout of the city is more spacious than other Dutch cities, and because of the incorporation of large and old nobility estates, the creation of various parks, and the use of green zones around natural streams, it is a much greener city than any other in the Netherlands.145 That is, excepting some medieval close-knitted streets in the centre.146 The Hague has a canal system around the old city centre, which is mainly used for boat tours around the city.147 Most of the canals were drained in the late 19th century, and some were filled between 1910 and 1970,[32] but many have been restored recently.148

The tallest buildings of The Hague are both 146-meter-tall ministries of Justice and Security and the Interior and Kingdom Relations of the Netherlands, designed by Hans Kollhoff.149 Other significant skyscrapers include the Hoftoren, Het Strijkijzer and De Kroon.150

Demographics

City of Den Haag population by country of origin (2018)[33]151

Country/TerritoryPopulation
Netherlands246,633 (43%)
Suriname corpus46,346 (8.70%)
Turkey corpus40,064 (7.52%)
Morocco corpus31,455 (5.91%)
Indonesia corpus17,635 (3.31%)
Poland corpus14,094 (2.65%)
Dutch Caribbean13,218 (2.48%)
Other123,116 (26%)

As of 1 January 2021, The Hague counts 549,163 inhabitants, making it the third-largest city in the Netherlands.152 Between 1800 and 1960, the city saw considerable growth from 40,000 in 1800 to 200,000 in 1900 and eventually 600,000 in 1960.153 The growth following 1900 was partially caused by the Housing Act of 1901, which stimulated the expansion of cities such as The Hague.154 In the period between 1960 and 1980, The Hague saw a shrinkage from 600,000 to 440,000 inhabitants, caused mostly by spatial policy, demographic processes, and lack of space.155 After several annexations and housing constructions, The Hague has since grown again, celebrating its 500,000th inhabitant in 2011.156 The municipality expects the growth to continue to just over 600,000 inhabitants by 2030.[34]157

The demonym of The Hague officially is Hagenaar, but the term Hagenees is informally used for someone who was born and raised in The Hague.[35]158 The usage of these demonyms appears to be class-bound, with Hagenaar being the upper-class term and Hagenees being that of the lower-class.[36]159

Origin make-up

43% of the population of The Hague has two parents that were born in the Netherlands, while 15.6% have at least one parent who was born abroad in a Western country, and 34.4% have at least one parent that was born in a non-Western country.[37]160

Inhabitants by birthplace

2020[38]Numbers%
Both parents born in NL242,44144.42%
Western migration background105,31519.29%
Non-Western migration background198,08236.29%
Suriname corpus45,7838.39%
Turkey corpus41,1227.53%
Morocco corpus32,3555.93%
Indonesia corpus17,1873.15%
Netherlands Antilles and Aruba14,0372.57%
Total545,838100%

Religion

Just under half of The Hague's population identifies with a religious group.161 The two most popular religions are Christianity (29%) and Islam (14.1%).162 Religiosity is higher among people with a recent migration background from Indonesia, Turkey, Morocco, and Suriname.163 Islam is the most common religion among people with a Turkish or Moroccan migration background.164 Among people of Surinamese heritage, there is more religious diversity, with Hinduism being the most common.165 Of The Hague's native Dutch population, most religious people adhere to Christianity.166 Just under 40% of the population of The Hague regularly attends a house of worship.[39]167

Politics

Municipal council

See also: List of mayors of The Hague

Following the 2026 The Hague municipal election, the municipal council of The Hague contains eleven groups, most notably Heart for The Hague (HvDH; 16 seats), Democrats 66 (D66; 8 seats), the Progressive Netherlands (Pro; 7 seats).[40]168

! colspan=2|Group 169 Seats |- | |align=left|Heart for The Hague|| |- | |align=left|Democrats 66|| |- | |align=left|Progressive Netherlands|| |- | |align=left|People's Party for Freedom and Democracy|| |- | |align=left|Denk|| |- | |align=left|Party for the Animals|| |- | |align=left|Christian Democratic Appeal|| |- | |align=left|Socialist Party|| |- | |align=left|Forum for Democracy|| |- | |align=left|Volt Netherlands|| |- | |align=left|Christian Union–SGP|| |- |align=left colspan=3|Source: Municipal Council[41] |}170

Municipal executive

After the 2026 municipal elections, the local right-wing populist party Hart voor Den Haag formed a coalition with the VVD, DENK and CDA.171 From 16 July 2026, the municipal executive has been as follows:172

On 1 October 2019, the National Department of Criminal Investigation (Rijksrecherche) performed a raid on the homes and offices of then-aldermen Richard de Mos and Rachid Guernaoui, as part of an investigation of alleged administrative corruption, bribery, and violation of confidentiality.185 The offices of several municipal civil servants and the homes of three entrepreneurs were also searched for the investigation.186 The aldermen were suspected of receiving bribes in exchange for granting permits.[42]187 In April 2023, De Mos and Guernaoui were acquitted of all charges.[43]188

City of Peace and Justice

The Hague is home to many different international judicial bodies, such as the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA), the International Court of Justice (ICJ), the International Criminal Court (ICC), and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals (IRMCT).189 It houses Scheveningen Prison, the ICC's detention centre for those suspected of war crimes and other violations of international law.[44]190 The Hague is the fourth major centre for the United Nations, after New York, Geneva and Vienna.[45]191

The foundation of The Hague as an "international city of peace and justice" started at the end of the 19th century, when the international community chose The Hague as the home of the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA), the world's first organisation for the settlement of international disputes, during the first global peace conference.192 The subsequent construction of the PCA's headquarters, the Peace Palace, between 1907 and 1913 gave this new international institution an architectural symbol worthy of its global mission.193 After the establishment of the League of Nations, The Hague became the seat of the Permanent Court of International Justice, which was replaced (after World War II) by the UN's International Court of Justice.194 The establishments of the Iran–United States Claims Tribunal (1981), the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (1993), and the International Criminal Court (2002) in the city further consolidated its role as a centre for international legal arbitration.195 Most recently, on 1 March 2009, the Special Tribunal for Lebanon, a UN tribunal to investigate and prosecute suspects in the 2005 assassination of Lebanese Prime Minister Rafik Hariri, opened in the former headquarters of the Dutch General Intelligence and Security Service in Leidschendam, a town within the greater area of The Hague.196

Other major international and European organisations based in The Hague include:197

Many academic institutions in the fields of international relations, international law, and international development are based in The Hague.209 The Hague Academic Coalition (HAC) is a consortium of those institutions.210

Its member institutions are:211

In 1948, the Congress of Europe was held with 750 delegates from 26 European governments, providing them with the opportunity to discuss ideas about the development of European integration, which eventually culminated in the creation of the modern-day European Union.221

Economy

The Hague has a service-oriented economy.222 A professional life in the city is dominated by a large number of civil servants and diplomats working in the city; as of 2006, 26% of the jobs in The Hague are those offered by the Dutch government or the international institutions.223 Large employers in this sector include the ministries of Defence, Justice, Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment, Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations and Transport, Public Works and Water Management.224

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