Timor-Leste, sentence 358
From Wikipedia, «Timor-Leste», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Since independence, both Indonesian and Tetum have lost ground as media of instruction, while Portuguese has increased: in 2001 only 8.4% of primary school and 6.8% of secondary school students attended a Portuguese-medium school; by 2005 this had increased to 81.6% for primary and 46.3% for secondary schools.
Who acts: Portuguese · What happens: lose, increase, attend · To what, where: independence, Portuguese medium school, 2001, this
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Timor-Leste». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Portuguese), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Since | since | ADP | _ | 2 independence | case |
| 2 | independence | independence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 lost | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 Indonesian | punct |
| 4 | both | both | CCONJ | _ | 5 Indonesian | cc:preconj |
| 5 | Indonesian | indonesian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 independence | amod |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 Tetum | cc |
| 7 | Tetum | Tetum | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 Indonesian | conj |
| 8 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 lost | aux |
| 9 | lost | lose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 10 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 lost | obj |
| 11 | as | as | ADP | _ | 12 media | case |
| 12 | media | media | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 lost | obl |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 instruction | case |
| 14 | instruction | instruction | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 media | nmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 increased | punct |
| 16 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 19 increased | mark |
| 17 | Portuguese | Portuguese | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 increased | nsubj |
| 18 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 increased | aux |
| 19 | increased | increase | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 9 lost | conj |
| 20 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 22 2001 | punct |
| 21 | in | in | ADP | _ | 22 2001 | case |
| 22 | 2001 | 2001 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 36 attended | obl |
| 23 | only | only | ADV | _ | 24 8.4 | advmod |
| 24 | 8.4 | 8.4 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 25 % | nummod |
| 25 | % | % | SYM | Number=Sing | 36 attended | nsubj |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 school | case |
| 27 | primary | primary | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 school | amod |
| 28 | school | school | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 % | nmod |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 % | cc |
| 30 | 6.8 | 6.8 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 31 % | nummod |
| 31 | % | % | SYM | Number=Sing | 28 school | conj |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 students | case |
| 33 | secondary | secondary | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 students | amod |
| 34 | school | school | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 students | compound |
| 35 | students | student | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 % | nmod |
| 36 | attended | attend | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 lost | parataxis |
| 37 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 41 school | det |
| 38 | Portuguese | portuguese | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 school | amod |
| 39 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 38 Portuguese | punct |
| 40 | medium | medium | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 school | amod |
| 41 | school | school | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 attended | obj |
| 42 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 47 increased | punct |
| 43 | by | by | ADP | _ | 44 2005 | case |
| 44 | 2005 | 2005 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 47 increased | obl |
| 45 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 47 increased | nsubj:pass |
| 46 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 47 increased | aux |
| 47 | increased | increase | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 lost | parataxis |
| 48 | to | to | ADP | _ | 50 % | case |
| 49 | 81.6 | 81.6 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 50 % | nummod |
| 50 | % | % | SYM | Number=Sing | 47 increased | obl |
| 51 | for | for | ADP | _ | 52 primary | case |
| 52 | primary | primary | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 50 % | nmod |
| 53 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 55 % | cc |
| 54 | 46.3 | 46.3 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 55 % | nummod |
| 55 | % | % | SYM | Number=Sing | 50 % | conj |
| 56 | for | for | ADP | _ | 58 schools | case |
| 57 | secondary | secondary | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 58 schools | amod |
| 58 | schools | school | NOUN | Number=Plur | 55 % | nmod |
| 59 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 lost | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lose | present · perfect · passive | independence | as media of instruction; ground obj | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | increase | present · perfect | Portuguese | vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 3 | attend | past | a Portuguese medium school | 2001 | vn attend-107.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme school=Goal | ||||
| 4 | increase | past · perfect · passive | this | by 2005 | vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient PP.extent PP.initial_state PP.result»: subject=Patient by 2005=Extent to %=Result |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Timor-Leste», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Timor-Leste/358/