Tirana, sentence 122
From Wikipedia, «Tirana», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Another source of pollution are PM10 and PM2.5 inhaled particulate matter and NO2 gases resulting from rapid growth in the construction of new buildings and expanding road infrastructure.
Who acts: source, NO2 gases · What happens: be, inhale, result, expand, construct · To what, where: PM10, rapid growth, road infrastructure, new buildings
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Tirana». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (source, NO2 gases), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 2 source | det |
| 2 | source | source | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 PM10 | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 pollution | case |
| 4 | pollution | pollution | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 source | nmod |
| 5 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 PM10 | cop |
| 6 | PM10 | PM10 | PROPN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 PM2.5 | cc |
| 8 | PM2.5 | PM2.5 | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 PM10 | conj |
| 9 | inhaled | inhale | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 matter | amod |
| 10 | particulate | particulate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 matter | compound |
| 11 | matter | matter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 PM10 | appos |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 gases | cc |
| 13 | NO2 | no2 | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 gases | compound |
| 14 | gases | gas | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 matter | conj |
| 15 | resulting | result | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 14 gases | acl |
| 16 | from | from | ADP | _ | 18 growth | case |
| 17 | rapid | rapid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 growth | amod |
| 18 | growth | growth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 resulting | obl |
| 19 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 construction | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 construction | det |
| 21 | construction | construction | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 resulting | obl |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 buildings | case |
| 23 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 buildings | amod |
| 24 | buildings | building | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 construction | nmod |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 expanding | cc |
| 26 | expanding | expand | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 15 resulting | conj |
| 27 | road | road | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 infrastructure | compound |
| 28 | infrastructure | infrastructure | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 expanding | obj |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 PM10 | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | another source of pollution | PM10 and PM2.5 | PM2.5 conj; inhaled particulate matter and NO2 gases appos | tree rules | |||
| 2 | inhale | participle | vn exhale-40.1.3-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | result | gerund | NO2 gases not said here | rapid growth | in the construction of new buildings | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in construction=Location | |||
| 4 | expand | gerund | NO2 gases not said here | road infrastructure | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent infrastructure=Patient | ||||
| 5 | construct | new buildings | nom construction «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Tirana», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Tirana/122/