Togo, sentence 335
From Wikipedia, «Togo», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Togo's cultural life reflects traditions of its major groups: Ewe/Mina in the south and Kabye/Tem in the north, notably the regional use of Ewe and Kabiye as widely spoken languages, Ewe-Mina religious practices centred on the creator god Mawu and associated vodun, and among the Kabye the Evala wrestling initiation rite, while the Guin community (linked historically to the Mina on the southeast coast) marks the new year with the Epé-Ekpé "taking of the stone" ceremony at Glidji.
Who acts: cultural life, Kabye · What happens: reflect, speak, centre, wrestle, link, mark · To what, where: traditions, religious practices, initiation rite, Guin community, Ewe, stone · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Togo». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cultural life, Kabye), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Togo | Togo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 life | nmod:poss |
| 2 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 1 Togo | case |
| 3 | cultural | cultural | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 life | amod |
| 4 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 reflects | nsubj |
| 5 | reflects | reflect | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | traditions | tradition | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 reflects | obj |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 groups | case |
| 8 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 groups | nmod:poss |
| 9 | major | major | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 groups | amod |
| 10 | groups | group | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 traditions | nmod |
| 11 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 12 Ewe/Mina | punct |
| 12 | Ewe/Mina | Ewe/Mina | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 groups | appos |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 south | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 south | det |
| 15 | south | south | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 Ewe/Mina | nmod |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 Kabye/Tem | cc |
| 17 | Kabye/Tem | Kabye/Tem | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 Ewe/Mina | conj |
| 18 | in | in | ADP | _ | 20 north | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 north | det |
| 20 | north | north | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 Kabye/Tem | nmod |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 use | punct |
| 22 | notably | notably | ADV | _ | 25 use | advmod |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 use | det |
| 24 | regional | regional | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 use | amod |
| 25 | use | use | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 Ewe/Mina | appos |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 27 Ewe | case |
| 27 | Ewe | Ewe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 use | nmod |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 Kabiye | cc |
| 29 | Kabiye | Kabiye | PROPN | Number=Sing | 27 Ewe | conj |
| 30 | as | as | ADP | _ | 33 languages | case |
| 31 | widely | widely | ADV | _ | 32 spoken | advmod |
| 32 | spoken | speak | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 33 languages | amod |
| 33 | languages | language | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 use | nmod |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 Ewe | punct |
| 35 | Ewe | Ewe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 Ewe/Mina | conj |
| 36 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 37 Mina | punct |
| 37 | Mina | Mina | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 Ewe/Mina | conj |
| 38 | religious | religious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 practices | amod |
| 39 | practices | practice | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 Ewe/Mina | nmod |
| 40 | centred | centre | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 39 practices | acl |
| 41 | on | on | ADP | _ | 44 god | case |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 god | det |
| 43 | creator | creator | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 god | compound |
| 44 | god | god | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 centred | obl |
| 45 | Mawu | Mawu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 44 god | appos |
| 46 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 48 vodun | cc |
| 47 | associated | associated | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 48 vodun | amod |
| 48 | vodun | vodun | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 Mawu | conj |
| 49 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 75 marks | punct |
| 50 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 75 marks | cc |
| 51 | among | among | ADP | _ | 53 Kabye | case |
| 52 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 53 Kabye | det |
| 53 | Kabye | Kabye | PROPN | Number=Sing | 75 marks | nsubj |
| 54 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 55 Evala | det |
| 55 | Evala | Evala | PROPN | Number=Sing | 53 Kabye | appos |
| 56 | wrestling | wrestle | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 53 Kabye | acl |
| 57 | initiation | initiation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 58 rite | compound |
| 58 | rite | rite | NOUN | Number=Sing | 56 wrestling | obj |
| 59 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 63 community | punct |
| 60 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 63 community | mark |
| 61 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 63 community | det |
| 62 | Guin | Guin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 63 community | compound |
| 63 | community | community | NOUN | Number=Sing | 53 Kabye | appos |
| 64 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 65 linked | punct |
| 65 | linked | link | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 63 community | acl |
| 66 | historically | historically | ADV | _ | 65 linked | advmod |
| 67 | to | to | ADP | _ | 69 Mina | case |
| 68 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 69 Mina | det |
| 69 | Mina | Mina | PROPN | Number=Sing | 66 historically | obl |
| 70 | on | on | ADP | _ | 73 coast | case |
| 71 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 73 coast | det |
| 72 | southeast | southeast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 73 coast | compound |
| 73 | coast | coast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 65 linked | obl |
| 74 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 65 linked | punct |
| 75 | marks | mark | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 reflects | conj |
| 76 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 78 year | det |
| 77 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 78 year | amod |
| 78 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 75 marks | obj |
| 79 | with | with | ADP | _ | 83 Ekpé | case |
| 80 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 83 Ekpé | det |
| 81 | Epé | Epé | PROPN | Number=Sing | 83 Ekpé | compound |
| 82 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 81 Epé | punct |
| 83 | Ekpé | Ekpé | PROPN | Number=Sing | 78 year | nmod |
| 84 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 85 taking | punct |
| 85 | taking | taking | NOUN | Number=Sing | 83 Ekpé | appos |
| 86 | of | of | ADP | _ | 88 stone | case |
| 87 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 88 stone | det |
| 88 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 85 taking | nmod |
| 89 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 90 ceremony | punct |
| 90 | ceremony | ceremony | NOUN | Number=Sing | 88 stone | conj |
| 91 | at | at | ADP | _ | 92 Glidji | case |
| 92 | Glidji | Glidji | PROPN | Number=Sing | 90 ceremony | nmod |
| 93 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 reflects | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | reflect | present | Togo's cultural life | traditions of life's major groups | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | speak speech: other | participle | widely property | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | centre | participle | religious practices not said here | on the creator god | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | wrestle | gerund | the Kabye not said here | initiation rite | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rite=Co-Agent | ||||
| 5 | link | participle | the Guin community not said here | on the southeast coast; historically property | vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle PP»: agent=Patient on coast=Co-Patient | ||||
| 6 | mark | present | the Kabye | year | vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 7 | use | Ewe and Kabiye | as spoken languages | nom use «act transitive»: of=patient as=obl | |||||
| 8 | take in a quote | the stone and ceremony at Glidji | nom taking «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Togo», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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