Tonga, sentence 228
From Wikipedia, «Tonga», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
In the 19th century, with the arrival of Western traders and missionaries, Tongan culture changed, especially in religion. as of 2013, almost 98% of residents profess Christianity.
Who acts: Tongan culture, Western traders · What happens: change, profess, arrive · To what, where: religion, Christianity
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Tonga». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tongan culture, Western traders), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 4 century | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 century | det |
| 3 | 19th | 19th | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Combi NumType=Ord | 4 century | amod |
| 4 | century | century | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 changed | obl |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 arrival | punct |
| 6 | with | with | ADP | _ | 8 arrival | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 arrival | det |
| 8 | arrival | arrival | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 century | conj |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 traders | case |
| 10 | Western | western | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 traders | amod |
| 11 | traders | trader | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 arrival | nmod |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 missionaries | cc |
| 13 | missionaries | missionary | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 traders | conj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 century | punct |
| 15 | Tongan | tongan | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 culture | amod |
| 16 | culture | culture | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 changed | nsubj |
| 17 | changed | change | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 religion | punct |
| 19 | especially | especially | ADV | _ | 21 religion | advmod |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 religion | case |
| 21 | religion | religion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 changed | obl |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 17 changed | punct |
| 23 | as | as | ADP | ExtPos=ADP | 25 2013 | case |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 as | fixed |
| 25 | 2013 | 2013 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 17 changed | obl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 profess | punct |
| 27 | almost | almost | ADV | _ | 28 98 | advmod |
| 28 | 98 | 98 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 29 % | nummod |
| 29 | % | % | SYM | Number=Sing | 32 profess | nsubj |
| 30 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 residents | case |
| 31 | residents | resident | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 % | nmod |
| 32 | profess | profess | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 changed | parataxis |
| 33 | Christianity | Christianity | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 profess | obj |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 17 changed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | change | past | Tongan culture | religion | century | as 2013 | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||
| 2 | profess | present | Christianity | vn declare-29.4-1-1-2 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent christianity=Theme | |||||
| 3 | arrive | Western traders and missionaries | nom arrival «act intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Tonga», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Tonga/228/