Tonga, sentence 251
From Wikipedia, «Tonga», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
However, a previous heavy defeat by the All Blacks at the tournament's opener (41–10) and a subsequent tight defeat by Canada (25–20) meant that Tonga lost out to France (who also lost to NZ) for the quarter finals due to 2 bonus points and a points difference of 46.
Who acts: previous heavy defeat, Tonga, Blacks, tournament, Canada · What happens: mean, lose out, lose, defeat, open · To what, where: France, NZ · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Tonga». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (previous heavy defeat, Tonga, Blacks, tournament), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | However | however | ADV | _ | 33 meant | advmod |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 However | punct |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 defeat | det |
| 4 | previous | previous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 defeat | amod |
| 5 | heavy | heavy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 defeat | amod |
| 6 | defeat | defeat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 meant | nsubj |
| 7 | by | by | ADP | _ | 10 Blacks | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 Blacks | det |
| 9 | All | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 10 Blacks | det |
| 10 | Blacks | black | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 defeat | nmod |
| 11 | at | at | ADP | _ | 15 opener | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 tournament | det |
| 13 | tournament | tournament | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 opener | nmod:poss |
| 14 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 13 tournament | case |
| 15 | opener | opener | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 Blacks | nmod |
| 16 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 17 41 | punct |
| 17 | 41 | 41 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 15 opener | appos |
| 18 | – | – | SYM | ExtPos=ADP | 19 10 | case |
| 19 | 10 | 10 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 17 41 | nmod |
| 20 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 17 41 | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 defeat | cc |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 defeat | det |
| 23 | subsequent | subsequent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 defeat | amod |
| 24 | tight | tight | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 defeat | amod |
| 25 | defeat | defeat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 defeat | conj |
| 26 | by | by | ADP | _ | 27 Canada | case |
| 27 | Canada | Canada | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 defeat | nmod |
| 28 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 29 25 | punct |
| 29 | 25 | 25 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 25 defeat | appos |
| 30 | – | – | SYM | ExtPos=ADP | 31 20 | case |
| 31 | 20 | 20 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 29 25 | nmod |
| 32 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 29 25 | punct |
| 33 | meant | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 34 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 36 lost | mark |
| 35 | Tonga | Tonga | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 lost | nsubj |
| 36 | lost | lose | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 33 meant | ccomp |
| 37 | out | out | ADP | _ | 36 lost | compound:prt |
| 38 | to | to | ADP | _ | 39 France | case |
| 39 | France | France | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 lost | obl |
| 40 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 43 lost | punct |
| 41 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 43 lost | nsubj |
| 42 | also | also | ADV | _ | 43 lost | advmod |
| 43 | lost | lose | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 36 lost | conj |
| 44 | to | to | ADP | _ | 45 NZ | case |
| 45 | NZ | NZ | PROPN | Number=Sing | 43 lost | obl |
| 46 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 43 lost | punct |
| 47 | for | for | ADP | _ | 50 finals | case |
| 48 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 50 finals | det |
| 49 | quarter | quarter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 finals | compound |
| 50 | finals | final | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 lost | obl |
| 51 | due | due | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP | 55 points | case |
| 52 | to | to | ADP | _ | 51 due | fixed |
| 53 | 2 | 2 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 55 points | nummod |
| 54 | bonus | bonus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 55 points | compound |
| 55 | points | point | NOUN | Number=Plur | 50 finals | nmod |
| 56 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 59 difference | cc |
| 57 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 59 difference | det |
| 58 | points | point | NOUN | Number=Plur | 59 difference | compound |
| 59 | difference | difference | NOUN | Number=Sing | 55 points | conj |
| 60 | of | of | ADP | _ | 61 46 | case |
| 61 | 46 | 46 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 59 difference | nmod |
| 62 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 33 meant | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mean | past | a previous heavy defeat by the Blacks at the tournament's opener and a subsequent tight defeat by Canada | however property | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | lose out | past | Tonga | France | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | lose | past | NZ | for the quarter finals due 2 bonus points and a points difference of 46; who nsubj | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | defeat | the Blacks at the tournament's opener | nom defeat «event transitive»: by=agent | ||||||
| 5 | open | the tournament | nom opener «event transitive»: poss=agent | ||||||
| 6 | defeat | Canada | nom defeat «event transitive»: by=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Tonga», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Tonga/251/