Tonga, sentence 27
From Wikipedia, «Tonga», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
The Tongan people first encountered Europeans in 1616, when the Dutch vessel Eendracht, captained by Willem Schouten, made a short visit to the islands for the purpose of engaging in trade.
Who acts: Tongan people, Dutch vessel, purpose · What happens: encounter, captain, make, engage · To what, where: Europeans, 1616, Eendracht, short visit, trade
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Tonga». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tongan people, Dutch vessel, purpose), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 people | det |
| 2 | Tongan | tongan | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 people | amod |
| 3 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 encountered | nsubj |
| 4 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 5 encountered | advmod |
| 5 | encountered | encounter | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | Europeans | European | PROPN | Number=Plur | 5 encountered | obj |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 1616 | case |
| 8 | 1616 | 1616 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 5 encountered | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 made | punct |
| 10 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 21 made | mark |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 vessel | det |
| 12 | Dutch | dutch | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 vessel | amod |
| 13 | vessel | vessel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 made | nsubj |
| 14 | Eendracht | Eendracht | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 vessel | appos |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 captained | punct |
| 16 | captained | captain | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 Eendracht | acl |
| 17 | by | by | ADP | _ | 18 Willem | case |
| 18 | Willem | Willem | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 captained | obl:agent |
| 19 | Schouten | Schouten | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 Willem | flat |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 vessel | punct |
| 21 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 encountered | conj |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 visit | det |
| 23 | short | short | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 visit | amod |
| 24 | visit | visit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 made | obj |
| 25 | to | to | ADP | _ | 27 islands | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 islands | det |
| 27 | islands | island | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 made | obl |
| 28 | for | for | ADP | _ | 30 purpose | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 purpose | det |
| 30 | purpose | purpose | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 made | obl |
| 31 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 32 engaging | mark |
| 32 | engaging | engage | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 30 purpose | acl |
| 33 | in | in | ADP | _ | 34 trade | case |
| 34 | trade | trade | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 engaging | obl |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 encountered | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | encounter | past | the Tongan people | Europeans | 1616 | first property | vn encounter-30.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer european=Stimulus | ||
| 2 | captain | participle | Eendracht not said here | Willem obl:agent | vn captain-29.8-1 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | make | past | the Dutch vessel | a short visit | to the islands; for the purpose | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent visit=Product for purpose=Asset | |||
| 4 | engage | gerund | the purpose not said here | in trade goal | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent in trade=Goal |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Tonga», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Tonga/27/