Tonga, sentence 29
From Wikipedia, «Tonga», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Later noteworthy European visitors included James Cook, of the British Royal Navy, in 1773, 1774, and 1777; Spanish Navy explorers Francisco Mourelle de la Rúa in 1781; Alessandro Malaspina in 1793; the first Protestant missionaries in 1797; and a Wesleyan Methodist minister, Reverend Walter Lawry, in 1822.
Who acts: noteworthy European visitors · What happens: include · To what, where: James Cook, 1773
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Tonga». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (noteworthy European visitors), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Later | late | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 5 included | advmod |
| 2 | noteworthy | noteworthy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 visitors | amod |
| 3 | European | European | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 visitors | amod |
| 4 | visitors | visitor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 included | nsubj |
| 5 | included | include | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | James | James | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 Cook | compound |
| 7 | Cook | Cook | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 included | obj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 Navy | punct |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 Navy | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 Navy | det |
| 11 | British | British | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 Navy | amod |
| 12 | Royal | Royal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 Navy | amod |
| 13 | Navy | Navy | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 included | conj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 1773 | punct |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 1773 | case |
| 16 | 1773 | 1773 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 5 included | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 1774 | punct |
| 18 | 1774 | 1774 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 16 1773 | conj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 1777 | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 1777 | cc |
| 21 | 1777 | 1777 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 5 included | obl |
| 22 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 25 explorers | punct |
| 23 | Spanish | Spanish | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 explorers | amod |
| 24 | Navy | navy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 explorers | amod |
| 25 | explorers | explorer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 included | parataxis |
| 26 | Francisco | Francisco | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 explorers | appos |
| 27 | Mourelle | Mourelle | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 Francisco | flat |
| 28 | de | de | X | Foreign=Yes | 26 Francisco | flat:foreign |
| 29 | la | la | X | _ | 26 Francisco | parataxis |
| 30 | Rúa | Rúa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 29 la | goeswith |
| 31 | in | in | ADP | _ | 32 1781 | case |
| 32 | 1781 | 1781 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 29 la | nmod |
| 33 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 35 Malaspina | punct |
| 34 | Alessandro | Alessandro | PROPN | Number=Sing | 35 Malaspina | compound |
| 35 | Malaspina | Malaspina | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 Francisco | list |
| 36 | in | in | ADP | _ | 37 1793 | case |
| 37 | 1793 | 1793 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 25 explorers | nmod |
| 38 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 42 missionaries | punct |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 missionaries | det |
| 40 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 42 missionaries | amod |
| 41 | Protestant | protestant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 42 missionaries | amod |
| 42 | missionaries | missionary | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 explorers | conj |
| 43 | in | in | ADP | _ | 44 1797 | case |
| 44 | 1797 | 1797 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 42 missionaries | nmod |
| 45 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 57 1822 | punct |
| 46 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 57 1822 | cc |
| 47 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 50 minister | det |
| 48 | Wesleyan | Wesleyan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 49 Methodist | compound |
| 49 | Methodist | Methodist | PROPN | Number=Sing | 50 minister | compound |
| 50 | minister | minister | NOUN | Number=Sing | 57 1822 | nsubj |
| 51 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 53 Walter | punct |
| 52 | Reverend | Reverend | PROPN | Number=Sing | 53 Walter | compound |
| 53 | Walter | Walter | PROPN | Number=Sing | 50 minister | appos |
| 54 | Lawry | Lawry | PROPN | Number=Sing | 53 Walter | flat |
| 55 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 57 1822 | punct |
| 56 | in | in | ADP | _ | 57 1822 | case |
| 57 | 1822 | 1822 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 5 included | obl |
| 58 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 included | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | include | past | noteworthy European visitors | James Cook | in 1773 goal; in 1822 a Methodist minister; 1777 obl; the British Royal Navy conj; Spanish Navy explorers in 1793 and the first Protestant missionaries in 1797 parataxis; late property | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent cook=Theme in 1773=Goal |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Tonga», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Tonga/29/