Tonga, sentence 44
From Wikipedia, «Tonga», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
The 1918 flu pandemic, brought to Tonga by a ship from New Zealand, killed 1,800 Tongans, a mortality rate of about 8%.
Who acts: 1918 flu pandemic · What happens: bring, kill · To what, where: 1918 flu pandemic, Tonga, 1,800 Tongans
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Tonga». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (1918 flu pandemic), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 pandemic | det |
| 2 | 1918 | 1918 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 4 pandemic | nummod |
| 3 | flu | flu | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 pandemic | compound |
| 4 | pandemic | pandemic | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 killed | nsubj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 brought | punct |
| 6 | brought | bring | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 pandemic | acl |
| 7 | to | to | ADP | _ | 8 Tonga | case |
| 8 | Tonga | Tonga | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 brought | obl |
| 9 | by | by | ADP | _ | 11 ship | case |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 ship | det |
| 11 | ship | ship | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 brought | obl |
| 12 | from | from | ADP | _ | 14 Zealand | case |
| 13 | New | New | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 Zealand | flat |
| 14 | Zealand | Zealand | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 ship | nmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 pandemic | punct |
| 16 | killed | kill | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 17 | 1,800 | 1,800 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 18 Tongans | nummod |
| 18 | Tongans | Tongan | PROPN | Number=Plur | 16 killed | obj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 rate | punct |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 rate | det |
| 21 | mortality | mortality | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 rate | compound |
| 22 | rate | rate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 Tongans | appos |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 % | case |
| 24 | about | about | ADV | _ | 25 8 | advmod |
| 25 | 8 | 8 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 26 % | nummod |
| 26 | % | % | SYM | Number=Sing | 22 rate | nmod |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 16 killed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | bring | participle | the 1918 flu pandemic not said here | Tonga | by a ship from New Zealand | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent to tonga=Destination | |||
| 2 | kill | past | the 1918 flu pandemic | 1,800 Tongans | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tongan=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Tonga», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Tonga/44/