Tonga, sentence 70
From Wikipedia, «Tonga», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
The bird life of Tonga includes a total of 73 species, of which two are endemic, the Tongan whistler and the Tongan megapode.
Who acts: bird life, 73 species · What happens: include, be · To what, where: total, two endemic
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Tonga». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bird life, 73 species), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 life | det |
| 2 | bird | bird | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 life | compound |
| 3 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 includes | nsubj |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 Tonga | case |
| 5 | Tonga | Tonga | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 life | nmod |
| 6 | includes | include | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 total | det |
| 8 | total | total | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 includes | obj |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 species | case |
| 10 | 73 | 73 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 11 species | nummod |
| 11 | species | species | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 total | nmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 endemic | punct |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 which | case |
| 14 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 17 endemic | nsubj |
| 15 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 17 endemic | nummod |
| 16 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 endemic | cop |
| 17 | endemic | endemic | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 species | nmod |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 whistler | punct |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 whistler | det |
| 20 | Tongan | tongan | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 whistler | amod |
| 21 | whistler | whistler | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 endemic | conj |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 megapode | cc |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 megapode | det |
| 24 | Tongan | tongan | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 megapode | amod |
| 25 | megapode | megapode | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 endemic | conj |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 includes | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | include | present | the bird life of Tonga | a total of 73 species | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent total=Theme | ||||
| 2 | is a | present | 73 species | two endemic and the Tongan whistler and the Tongan megapode | the Tongan whistler conj; the Tongan megapode conj | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Tonga», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Tonga/70/