Tskhinvali, sentence 4
From Wikipedia, «Tskhinvali», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
The name of Tskhinvali is derived from the Old Georgian Krtskhinvali (ქრცხინვალი), from earlier Krtskhilvani (ქრცხილვანი), literally meaning "the land of hornbeams", which is the historical name of the city.
Who acts: land · What happens: derive, mean, be, name · To what, where: name, Old Georgian Krtskhinvali, land, historical name, Tskhinvali
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Tskhinvali». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (land), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 name | det |
| 2 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 derived | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 Tskhinvali | case |
| 4 | Tskhinvali | Tskhinvali | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 name | nmod |
| 5 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 derived | aux:pass |
| 6 | derived | derive | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 7 | from | from | ADP | _ | 11 Krtskhinvali | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 Krtskhinvali | det |
| 9 | Old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 Krtskhinvali | amod |
| 10 | Georgian | georgian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 Krtskhinvali | amod |
| 11 | Krtskhinvali | Krtskhinvali | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 derived | obl |
| 12 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 13 ქრცხინვალი | punct |
| 13 | ქრცხინვალი | ქრცხინვალი | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 Krtskhinvali | appos |
| 14 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 13 ქრცხინვალი | punct |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 Krtskhilvani | punct |
| 16 | from | from | ADP | _ | 18 Krtskhilvani | case |
| 17 | earlier | early | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 18 Krtskhilvani | amod |
| 18 | Krtskhilvani | Krtskhilvani | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 derived | parataxis |
| 19 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 20 ქრცხილვანი | punct |
| 20 | ქრცხილვანი | ქრცხილვანი | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 Krtskhilvani | appos |
| 21 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 20 ქრცხილვანი | punct |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 meaning | punct |
| 23 | literally | literally | ADV | _ | 24 meaning | advmod |
| 24 | meaning | mean | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 6 derived | advcl |
| 25 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 27 land | punct |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 land | det |
| 27 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 meaning | obj |
| 28 | of | of | ADP | _ | 29 hornbeams | case |
| 29 | hornbeams | hornbeam | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 land | nmod |
| 30 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 27 land | punct |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 name | punct |
| 32 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 36 name | nsubj |
| 33 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 36 name | cop |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 name | det |
| 35 | historical | historical | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 name | amod |
| 36 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 land | conj |
| 37 | of | of | ADP | _ | 39 city | case |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 city | det |
| 39 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 name | nmod |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 derived | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | derive | present · passive | the name of Tskhinvali | the Old Georgian Krtskhinvali | earlier Krtskhilvani parataxis | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: subject=Result from krtskhinvali=Material | |||
| 2 | mean | gerund | the land of hornbeams and the historical name | literally property | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent land=Topic | ||||
| 3 | is a | present | the land of hornbeams and the historical name | the historical name | of the city | tree rules | |||
| 4 | name | Tskhinvali | nom name «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Tskhinvali», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Tskhinvali/4/