Tunis, sentence 18
From Wikipedia, «Tunis», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Because its culture and records were destroyed by the Romans at the end of the Third Punic War, very few Carthaginian primary historical sources survive.
Who acts: Romans, Carthaginian, few primary historical sources · What happens: destroy, source, survive · To what, where: culture, end
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Tunis». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Romans, Carthaginian, few primary historical sources), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Because | because | SCONJ | _ | 7 destroyed | mark |
| 2 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 3 culture | nmod:poss |
| 3 | culture | culture | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 destroyed | nsubj |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 records | cc |
| 5 | records | record | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 culture | conj |
| 6 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 destroyed | aux:pass |
| 7 | destroyed | destroy | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 26 survive | advcl |
| 8 | by | by | ADP | _ | 10 Romans | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 Romans | det |
| 10 | Romans | Roman | PROPN | Number=Plur | 7 destroyed | obl:agent |
| 11 | at | at | ADP | _ | 13 end | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 end | det |
| 13 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 destroyed | obl |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 War | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 War | det |
| 16 | Third | third | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 18 War | amod |
| 17 | Punic | Punic | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 War | compound |
| 18 | War | War | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 end | nmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 survive | punct |
| 20 | very | very | ADV | _ | 21 few | advmod |
| 21 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 sources | amod |
| 22 | Carthaginian | Carthaginian | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 sources | nsubj |
| 23 | primary | primary | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 sources | amod |
| 24 | historical | historical | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 sources | amod |
| 25 | sources | source | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 survive | nsubj |
| 26 | survive | survive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 26 survive | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | destroy | past · passive | the Romans | study's culture and records | at the end of the Third Punic War | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient | |||
| 2 | source | Carthaginian | tree rules | ||||||
| 3 | survive | present | few primary historical sources | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Tunis», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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