Ukraine, sentence 43
From Wikipedia, «Ukraine», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
From the 6th century BC, Greek, Roman, and Byzantine colonies were established on the north-eastern shore of the Black Sea, such as at Tyras, Olbia, and Chersonesus.
What happens: establish · To what, where: Byzantine colonies, eastern shore
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Ukraine». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | From | from | ADP | _ | 4 century | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 century | det |
| 3 | 6th | 6th | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Combi NumType=Ord | 4 century | amod |
| 4 | century | century | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 5 | BC | BC | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 century | appos |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 Greek | punct |
| 7 | Greek | Greek | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 century | amod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 Roman | punct |
| 9 | Roman | roman | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 Greek | conj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 established | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 established | cc |
| 12 | Byzantine | byzantine | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 colonies | amod |
| 13 | colonies | colony | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 established | nsubj |
| 14 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 established | aux:pass |
| 15 | established | establish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 Greek | conj |
| 16 | on | on | ADP | _ | 21 shore | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 shore | det |
| 18 | north | north | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 eastern | compound |
| 19 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 18 north | punct |
| 20 | eastern | eastern | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 shore | amod |
| 21 | shore | shore | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 established | obl |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 Sea | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 Sea | det |
| 24 | Black | Black | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 Sea | compound |
| 25 | Sea | Sea | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 shore | nmod |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 Tyras | punct |
| 27 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP | 30 Tyras | case |
| 28 | as | as | ADP | _ | 27 such | fixed |
| 29 | at | at | ADP | _ | 30 Tyras | case |
| 30 | Tyras | Tyras | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 shore | appos |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 Olbia | punct |
| 32 | Olbia | Olbia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 Tyras | flat |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 Chersonesus | punct |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 Chersonesus | cc |
| 35 | Chersonesus | Chersonesus | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 Tyras | conj |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 century | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | establish | past · passive | Byzantine colonies | the eastern shore of the Black Sea | vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Theme on shore=Source |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Ukraine», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Ukraine/43/