Ukraine, sentence 66
From Wikipedia, «Ukraine», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
In the western territories, the principalities of Halych and Volhynia had arisen earlier, and were merged to form the Principality of Galicia–Volhynia.
Who acts: principalities · What happens: arise, merge, form · To what, where: western territories, Principality
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Ukraine». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (principalities), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 4 territories | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 territories | det |
| 3 | western | western | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 territories | amod |
| 4 | territories | territory | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 arisen | obl |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 territories | punct |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 principalities | det |
| 7 | principalities | principality | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 arisen | nsubj |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 Halych | case |
| 9 | Halych | Halych | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 principalities | nmod |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 Volhynia | cc |
| 11 | Volhynia | Volhynia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 Halych | conj |
| 12 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 arisen | aux |
| 13 | arisen | arise | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 14 | earlier | early | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 13 arisen | advmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 merged | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 merged | cc |
| 17 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 merged | aux:pass |
| 18 | merged | merge | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 arisen | conj |
| 19 | to | to | PART | _ | 20 form | mark |
| 20 | form | form | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 merged | xcomp |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 Principality | det |
| 22 | Principality | principality | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 form | obj |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 Galicia | case |
| 24 | Galicia | Galicia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 Principality | nmod |
| 25 | – | - | PUNCT | _ | 26 Volhynia | punct |
| 26 | Volhynia | Volhynia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 Galicia | nmod:unmarked |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 arisen | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | arise | past · perfect | the principalities of Halych and Volhynia | the western territories | early property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in territory=Location | |||
| 2 | merge | past · passive | the principalities of Halych and Volhynia not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | form | to-infinitive | the principalities of Halych and Volhynia not said here | the Principality of Galicia Volhynia | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location principality=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Ukraine», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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