United States, sentence 106
From Wikipedia, «United States», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
National infrastructure, including transcontinental telegraph and railroads, spurred growth in the American frontier.
What happens: spur · To what, where: National infrastructure
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «United States». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | National | national | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 infrastructure | amod |
| 2 | infrastructure | infrastructure | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 telegraph | punct |
| 4 | including | including | ADP | _ | 6 telegraph | case |
| 5 | transcontinental | transcontinental | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 telegraph | amod |
| 6 | telegraph | telegraph | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 infrastructure | appos |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 railroads | cc |
| 8 | railroads | railroad | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 telegraph | conj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 growth | punct |
| 10 | spurred | spur | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 growth | amod |
| 11 | growth | growth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 infrastructure | conj |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 frontier | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 frontier | det |
| 14 | American | American | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 frontier | amod |
| 15 | frontier | frontier | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 growth | nmod |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 infrastructure | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | spur | participle | vn stimulate-59.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «United States», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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