United States, sentence 506
From Wikipedia, «United States», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
With few exceptions, newspapers are privately owned, either by large chains such as Gannett or McClatchy, which own dozens or even hundreds of newspapers; by small chains that own a handful of papers; or, in an increasingly rare situation, by individuals or families.
Who acts: small chains, Gannett · What happens: own, dozen · To what, where: newspapers, handful
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «United States». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (small chains, Gannett), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | With | with | ADP | _ | 3 exceptions | case |
| 2 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 exceptions | amod |
| 3 | exceptions | exception | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 owned | obl |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 exceptions | punct |
| 5 | newspapers | newspaper | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 owned | nsubj:pass |
| 6 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 owned | aux:pass |
| 7 | privately | privately | ADV | _ | 8 owned | advmod |
| 8 | owned | own | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 chains | punct |
| 10 | either | either | CCONJ | _ | 13 chains | cc:preconj |
| 11 | by | by | ADP | _ | 13 chains | case |
| 12 | large | large | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 chains | amod |
| 13 | chains | chain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 owned | conj |
| 14 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP | 16 Gannett | case |
| 15 | as | as | ADP | _ | 14 such | fixed |
| 16 | Gannett | Gannett | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 chains | nmod |
| 17 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 18 McClatchy | cc |
| 18 | McClatchy | McClatchy | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 Gannett | conj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 dozens | punct |
| 20 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 22 dozens | nsubj |
| 21 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 dozens | amod |
| 22 | dozens | dozen | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 Gannett | appos |
| 23 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 25 hundreds | cc |
| 24 | even | even | ADV | _ | 25 hundreds | advmod |
| 25 | hundreds | hundred | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 dozens | conj |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 27 newspapers | case |
| 27 | newspapers | newspaper | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 hundreds | nmod |
| 28 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 31 chains | punct |
| 29 | by | by | ADP | _ | 31 chains | case |
| 30 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 chains | amod |
| 31 | chains | chain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 owned | obl:agent |
| 32 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 33 own | nsubj |
| 33 | own | own | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 chains | acl:relcl |
| 34 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 35 handful | det |
| 35 | handful | handful | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 own | obj |
| 36 | of | of | ADP | _ | 37 papers | case |
| 37 | papers | paper | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 handful | nmod |
| 38 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 45 situation | punct |
| 39 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 45 situation | cc |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 or | punct |
| 41 | in | in | ADP | _ | 45 situation | case |
| 42 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 45 situation | det |
| 43 | increasingly | increasingly | ADV | _ | 44 rare | advmod |
| 44 | rare | rare | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 situation | amod |
| 45 | situation | situation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 owned | conj |
| 46 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 48 individuals | punct |
| 47 | by | by | ADP | _ | 48 individuals | case |
| 48 | individuals | individual | NOUN | Number=Plur | 45 situation | appos |
| 49 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 50 families | cc |
| 50 | families | family | NOUN | Number=Plur | 48 individuals | conj |
| 51 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 owned | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | own | present · passive | small chains | newspapers | with few exceptions; large chains such Gannett or McClatchy conj; a rare situation conj; privately property | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot subject=Theme | |||
| 2 | dozen | Gannett or McClatchy | hundreds of newspapers conj | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | own | present | small chains | a handful of papers | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot handful=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «United States», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/United_States/506/