Vanuatu, sentence 386
From Wikipedia, «Vanuatu», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
The growth of Bislama as a first language has considerably encroached on the indigenous languages, whose use receded from 73.1% to 63.2% of the population between 1999 and 2009.
Who acts: growth, use, Bislama · What happens: encroach, recede, grow · To what, where: indigenous languages
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Vanuatu». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (growth, use, Bislama), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 growth | det |
| 2 | growth | growth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 encroached | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 Bislama | case |
| 4 | Bislama | Bislama | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 growth | nmod |
| 5 | as | as | ADP | _ | 8 language | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 language | det |
| 7 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 8 language | amod |
| 8 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 growth | nmod |
| 9 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 encroached | aux |
| 10 | considerably | considerably | ADV | _ | 11 encroached | advmod |
| 11 | encroached | encroach | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 12 | on | on | ADP | _ | 15 languages | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 languages | det |
| 14 | indigenous | indigenous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 languages | amod |
| 15 | languages | language | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 encroached | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 receded | punct |
| 17 | whose | whose | PRON | Poss=Yes PronType=Rel | 18 use | nmod:poss |
| 18 | use | use | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 receded | nsubj |
| 19 | receded | recede | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 encroached | conj |
| 20 | from | from | ADP | _ | 22 % | case |
| 21 | 73.1 | 73.1 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 22 % | nummod |
| 22 | % | % | SYM | Number=Sing | 19 receded | obl |
| 23 | to | to | ADP | _ | 25 % | case |
| 24 | 63.2 | 63.2 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 25 % | nummod |
| 25 | % | % | SYM | Number=Sing | 19 receded | obl |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 population | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 population | det |
| 28 | population | population | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 % | nmod |
| 29 | between | between | ADP | _ | 30 1999 | case |
| 30 | 1999 | 1999 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 28 population | nmod |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 2009 | cc |
| 32 | 2009 | 2009 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 30 1999 | conj |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 encroached | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | encroach | present · perfect | the growth of Bislama as a first language | the indigenous languages | considerably property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | recede | past | use | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme from %=Initial_Location to %=Destination | |||||
| 3 | grow | Bislama | as a first language | nom growth «process intransitive»: of=agent as=obl |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Vanuatu», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Vanuatu/386/