Vanuatu, sentence 81
From Wikipedia, «Vanuatu», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
French planters also began arriving, beginning with Ferdinand Chevillard on Efate in 1880, and later in larger numbers following the creation of the Compagnie Caledonienne des Nouvelles-Hébrides (CCNH) I. 1882 by John Higginson (a fiercely pro-French Irishman), which soon tipped the balance in favour of French subjects.
Who acts: French planters, larger numbers, Compagnie Caledonienne, John · What happens: begin, arrive, follow, de, tip, favour · To what, where: Efate, creation, Nouvelles, balance, favour, French subjects
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Vanuatu». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (French planters, larger numbers, Compagnie Caledonienne, John), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | French | French | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 planters | amod |
| 2 | planters | planter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 began | nsubj |
| 3 | also | also | ADV | _ | 4 began | advmod |
| 4 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | arriving | arrive | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 4 began | xcomp |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 beginning | punct |
| 7 | beginning | begin | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 5 arriving | conj |
| 8 | with | with | ADP | _ | 9 Ferdinand | case |
| 9 | Ferdinand | Ferdinand | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 beginning | obl |
| 10 | Chevillard | Chevillard | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 Ferdinand | flat |
| 11 | on | on | ADP | _ | 12 Efate | case |
| 12 | Efate | Efate | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 beginning | obl |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 1880 | case |
| 14 | 1880 | 1880 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 7 beginning | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 later | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 later | cc |
| 17 | later | late | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 4 began | advmod |
| 18 | in | in | ADP | _ | 20 numbers | case |
| 19 | larger | large | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 20 numbers | amod |
| 20 | numbers | number | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 later | obl |
| 21 | following | follow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 20 numbers | acl |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 creation | det |
| 23 | creation | creation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 following | obj |
| 24 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 28 des | mark |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 Caledonienne | det |
| 26 | Compagnie | Compagnie | PROPN | Number=Sing | 27 Caledonienne | compound |
| 27 | Caledonienne | Caledonienne | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 des | nsubj |
| 28 | des | de | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 creation | advcl |
| 29 | Nouvelles | Nouvelles | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 des | obj |
| 30 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 31 Hébrides | punct |
| 31 | Hébrides | Hébrides | PROPN | Number=Sing | 29 Nouvelles | conj |
| 32 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 33 CCNH | punct |
| 33 | CCNH | CCNH | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 Hébrides | appos |
| 34 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 33 CCNH | punct |
| 35 | I. | I. | X | Foreign=Yes | 29 Nouvelles | conj |
| 36 | 1882 | 1882 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 35 I. | flat |
| 37 | by | by | ADP | _ | 38 John | case |
| 38 | John | John | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 des | obl |
| 39 | Higginson | Higginson | PROPN | Number=Sing | 38 John | flat |
| 40 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 44 Irishman | punct |
| 41 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 44 Irishman | det |
| 42 | fiercely | fiercely | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 44 Irishman | amod |
| 43 | pro-French | pro-french | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 44 Irishman | amod |
| 44 | Irishman | Irishman | PROPN | Number=Sing | 38 John | appos |
| 45 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 44 Irishman | punct |
| 46 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 49 tipped | punct |
| 47 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 49 tipped | nsubj |
| 48 | soon | soon | ADV | Degree=Pos | 49 tipped | advmod |
| 49 | tipped | tip | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 38 John | acl:relcl |
| 50 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 51 balance | det |
| 51 | balance | balance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 tipped | obj |
| 52 | in | in | ADP | _ | 53 favour | case |
| 53 | favour | favour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 51 balance | nmod |
| 54 | of | of | ADP | _ | 56 subjects | case |
| 55 | French | French | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 56 subjects | amod |
| 56 | subjects | subject | NOUN | Number=Plur | 53 favour | nmod |
| 57 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 began | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | begin | past | French planters | late property | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | arrive | gerund | French planters not said here | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | begin | gerund | French planters not said here | Efate | with Ferdinand; in 1880 | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V PP.subeventuality»: agent=Eventuality with ferdinand=Subeventuality | |||
| 4 | follow | gerund | larger numbers not said here | the creation | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent creation=Theme | ||||
| 5 | de | present | the Compagnie Caledonienne | Nouvelles and Hébrides | by John | tree rules | |||
| 6 | tip | past | John | the balance | favour of French subjects | soon property | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent balance=Theme in favour=Destination | ||
| 7 | favour | French subjects | nom favour «feeling transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Vanuatu», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Vanuatu/81/