Venezuela, sentence 496
From Wikipedia, «Venezuela», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
The 1980s oil glut led to an external debt crisis and a long-running economic crisis, which saw inflation peak at 100% in 1996.
Who acts: running economic crisis · What happens: lead, run, see · To what, where: oil glut, inflation peak, 1996
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Venezuela». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (running economic crisis), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 1980s | det |
| 2 | 1980s | 1980s | NOUN | Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card | 4 glut | nsubj |
| 3 | oil | oil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 glut | compound |
| 4 | glut | glut | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 5 | led | lead | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 glut | acl |
| 6 | to | to | ADP | _ | 10 crisis | case |
| 7 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 crisis | det |
| 8 | external | external | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 crisis | amod |
| 9 | debt | debt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 crisis | compound |
| 10 | crisis | crisis | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 led | obl |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 crisis | cc |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 crisis | det |
| 13 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 running | amod |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 13 long | punct |
| 15 | running | run | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 17 crisis | amod |
| 16 | economic | economic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 crisis | amod |
| 17 | crisis | crisis | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 crisis | conj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 saw | punct |
| 19 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 20 saw | nsubj |
| 20 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 crisis | acl:relcl |
| 21 | inflation | inflation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 peak | compound |
| 22 | peak | peak | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 saw | obj |
| 23 | at | at | ADP | _ | 25 % | case |
| 24 | 100 | 100 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 25 % | nummod |
| 25 | % | % | SYM | Number=Sing | 20 saw | obl |
| 26 | in | in | ADP | _ | 27 1996 | case |
| 27 | 1996 | 1996 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 20 saw | obl |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 glut | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lead | participle | oil glut the 1980s not said here | to a external debt crisis and a running economic crisis | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition to crisis=Patient | ||||
| 2 | run | gerund | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 3 | see | past | a running economic crisis | inflation peak | 1996 | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer peak=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Venezuela», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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