Venezuela, sentence 538
From Wikipedia, «Venezuela», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
In 1973, Venezuela voted to nationalize its oil industry outright, effective 1 January 1976, with Petróleos de Venezuela (PDVSA) taking over and presiding over a number of holding companies; in subsequent years, Venezuela built a vast refining and marketing system in the U.S. and Europe.
Who acts: Venezuela, Petróleos Venezuela, vast · What happens: vote, nationalize, take over, preside, hold, build · To what, where: 1973, oil industry, number, vast, U.S.
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Venezuela». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Venezuela, Petróleos Venezuela, vast), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 2 1973 | case |
| 2 | 1973 | 1973 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 5 voted | obl |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 1973 | punct |
| 4 | Venezuela | Venezuela | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 voted | nsubj |
| 5 | voted | vote | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 nationalize | mark |
| 7 | nationalize | nationalize | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 voted | xcomp |
| 8 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 industry | nmod:poss |
| 9 | oil | oil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 industry | compound |
| 10 | industry | industry | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 nationalize | obj |
| 11 | outright | outright | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 January | amod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 January | punct |
| 13 | effective | effective | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 January | amod |
| 14 | 1 | 1 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 15 January | nummod |
| 15 | January | January | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 nationalize | obl:unmarked |
| 16 | 1976 | 1976 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 15 January | nmod:unmarked |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 Venezuela | punct |
| 18 | with | with | ADP | _ | 21 Venezuela | case |
| 19 | Petróleos | Petróleos | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 Venezuela | compound |
| 20 | de | de | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 Petróleos | flat |
| 21 | Venezuela | Venezuela | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 taking | nsubj |
| 22 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 23 PDVSA | punct |
| 23 | PDVSA | PDVSA | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 Venezuela | appos |
| 24 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 23 PDVSA | punct |
| 25 | taking | take | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 7 nationalize | ccomp |
| 26 | over | over | ADP | _ | 25 taking | compound:prt |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 presiding | cc |
| 28 | presiding | preside | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 25 taking | conj |
| 29 | over | over | ADP | _ | 31 number | case |
| 30 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 31 number | det |
| 31 | number | number | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 presiding | obl |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 34 companies | case |
| 33 | holding | hold | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 34 companies | amod |
| 34 | companies | company | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 number | nmod |
| 35 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 41 built | punct |
| 36 | in | in | ADP | _ | 38 years | case |
| 37 | subsequent | subsequent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 years | amod |
| 38 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 41 built | obl |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 years | punct |
| 40 | Venezuela | Venezuela | PROPN | Number=Sing | 41 built | nsubj |
| 41 | built | build | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 voted | conj |
| 42 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 43 vast | det |
| 43 | vast | vast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 built | obj |
| 44 | refining | refine | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 43 vast | acl |
| 45 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 47 system | cc |
| 46 | marketing | marketing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 system | compound |
| 47 | system | system | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 refining | conj |
| 48 | in | in | ADP | _ | 50 U.S. | case |
| 49 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 50 U.S. | det |
| 50 | U.S. | U.S. | PROPN | Number=Sing | 44 refining | obl |
| 51 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 52 Europe | cc |
| 52 | Europe | Europe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 50 U.S. | conj |
| 53 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 voted | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | vote | past | Venezuela | 1973 | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | nationalize | to-infinitive | Venezuela not said here | country's oil industry | january | tree rules | |||
| 3 | take over | gerund | Petróleos Venezuela | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | preside | gerund | Petróleos Venezuela not said here | a number of holding companies | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | hold | gerund | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 6 | build | past | Venezuela | a vast | year | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vast=Product | |||
| 7 | refine | gerund | a vast not said here | the U.S. and Europe | marketing system conj | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Venezuela», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Venezuela/538/