Venezuela, sentence 600
From Wikipedia, «Venezuela», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
English is the most widely used foreign language in demand and is spoken by many professionals, academics, and members of the upper and middle classes as a result of the oil exploration by foreign companies, and its acceptance as a lingua franca.
Who acts: English, many professionals, foreign companies, company · What happens: use, be, speak, result, explore, accept · To what, where: used foreign language, demand, oil exploration · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Venezuela». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (English, many professionals, foreign companies, company), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 language | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 language | cop |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 language | det |
| 4 | most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 5 widely | advmod |
| 5 | widely | widely | ADV | _ | 6 used | advmod |
| 6 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 language | amod |
| 7 | foreign | foreign | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 language | amod |
| 8 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 demand | case |
| 10 | demand | demand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 language | nmod |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 spoken | cc |
| 12 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 spoken | aux:pass |
| 13 | spoken | speak | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 language | conj |
| 14 | by | by | ADP | _ | 16 professionals | case |
| 15 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 professionals | amod |
| 16 | professionals | professional | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 spoken | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 academics | punct |
| 18 | academics | academic | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 professionals | conj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 members | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 members | cc |
| 21 | members | member | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 professionals | conj |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 27 classes | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 classes | det |
| 24 | upper | upper | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 classes | amod |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 middle | cc |
| 26 | middle | middle | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 upper | conj |
| 27 | classes | class | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 members | nmod |
| 28 | as | as | ADP | _ | 30 result | case |
| 29 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 result | det |
| 30 | result | result | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 spoken | obl |
| 31 | of | of | ADP | _ | 34 exploration | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 exploration | det |
| 33 | oil | oil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 exploration | compound |
| 34 | exploration | exploration | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 result | nmod |
| 35 | by | by | ADP | _ | 37 companies | case |
| 36 | foreign | foreign | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 companies | amod |
| 37 | companies | company | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 exploration | nmod |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 acceptance | punct |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 acceptance | cc |
| 40 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 41 acceptance | nmod:poss |
| 41 | acceptance | acceptance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 language | conj |
| 42 | as | as | ADP | _ | 45 franca | case |
| 43 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 45 franca | det |
| 44 | lingua | lingua | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 franca | compound |
| 45 | franca | franca | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 acceptance | nmod |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 language | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | use | participle | widely property | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | is a | present | English | the used foreign language and company's acceptance as a lingua franca | demand | company's acceptance as a lingua franca conj | tree rules | ||
| 3 | speak speech: other | present · passive | many professionals and academics and members of the upper classes | as a result of the oil exploration by foreign companies | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | result | the oil exploration by foreign companies | nom result «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 5 | explore | foreign companies | nom exploration «act transitive»: by=agent | ||||||
| 6 | accept | company | as a lingua franca | nom acceptance «cognition transitive»: poss=agent as=obl |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Venezuela», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Venezuela/600/