Warsaw, sentence 429
From Wikipedia, «Warsaw», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Warsaw lacks a complete ring road system and most traffic goes directly through the city centre, leading to the eleventh highest level of congestion in Europe.
Who acts: Warsaw, most traffic · What happens: lack, go, lead · To what, where: complete road system, city centre
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Warsaw». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Warsaw, most traffic), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Warsaw | warsaw | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 lacks | nsubj |
| 2 | lacks | lack | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 system | det |
| 4 | complete | complete | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 system | amod |
| 5 | ring | ring | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 road | compound |
| 6 | road | road | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 system | compound |
| 7 | system | system | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 lacks | obj |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 goes | cc |
| 9 | most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 10 traffic | amod |
| 10 | traffic | traffic | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 goes | nsubj |
| 11 | goes | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 lacks | conj |
| 12 | directly | directly | ADV | _ | 11 goes | advmod |
| 13 | through | through | ADP | _ | 16 centre | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 centre | det |
| 15 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 centre | compound |
| 16 | centre | centre | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 goes | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 leading | punct |
| 18 | leading | lead | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 11 goes | advcl |
| 19 | to | to | ADP | _ | 21 eleventh | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 eleventh | det |
| 21 | eleventh | eleventh | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 leading | obl |
| 22 | highest | high | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 23 level | amod |
| 23 | level | level | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 eleventh | conj |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 congestion | case |
| 25 | congestion | congestion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 level | nmod |
| 26 | in | in | ADP | _ | 27 Europe | case |
| 27 | Europe | Europe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 congestion | nmod |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 lacks | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lack | present | Warsaw | a complete road system | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | go | present | most traffic | the city centre | directly property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme through centre=Initial_Location | |||
| 3 | lead | gerund | most traffic not said here | to the eleventh and highest level of congestion in Europe | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition to eleventh=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Warsaw», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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