Zambia, sentence 278
From Wikipedia, «Zambia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Portuguese has been introduced as a second language into the school curriculum due to the presence of a large Portuguese-speaking Angolan community.
What happens: introduce, speak · To what, where: Portuguese · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Zambia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Portuguese | portuguese | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 introduced | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 introduced | aux |
| 3 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 4 introduced | aux:pass |
| 4 | introduced | introduce | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | as | as | ADP | _ | 8 language | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 language | det |
| 7 | second | second | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 8 language | amod |
| 8 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 introduced | obl |
| 9 | into | into | ADP | _ | 12 curriculum | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 curriculum | det |
| 11 | school | school | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 curriculum | compound |
| 12 | curriculum | curriculum | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 language | nmod |
| 13 | due | due | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP | 16 presence | case |
| 14 | to | to | ADP | _ | 13 due | fixed |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 presence | det |
| 16 | presence | presence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 language | nmod |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 community | case |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 community | det |
| 19 | large | large | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 community | amod |
| 20 | Portuguese | portuguese | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 speaking | compound |
| 21 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 20 Portuguese | punct |
| 22 | speaking | speak | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 24 community | amod |
| 23 | Angolan | Angolan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 community | compound |
| 24 | community | community | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 presence | nmod |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 introduced | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | introduce | present · perfect · passive | Portuguese | as a second language into the school curriculum due the presence of a large speaking Angolan community | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | ||||
| 2 | speak speech: other | gerund | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Zambia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Zambia/278/