Zimbabwe, sentence 152
From Wikipedia, «Zimbabwe», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
A 2017 study conducted by the Institute for Security Studies (ISS) concluded that due to the deterioration of government and the economy "the government encourages corruption to make up for its inability to fund its own institutions" with widespread and informal police roadblocks to issue fines to travellers being one manifestation of this.
Who acts: 2017 study, government, corruption, issue fines · What happens: conduct, conclude, encourage, make up, fund, be · To what, where: 2017 study, corruption, own institutions, one manifestation
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Zimbabwe». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (2017 study, government, corruption, issue fines), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 study | det |
| 2 | 2017 | 2017 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 3 study | nummod |
| 3 | study | study | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 concluded | nsubj |
| 4 | conducted | conduct | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 study | acl |
| 5 | by | by | ADP | _ | 7 Institute | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 Institute | det |
| 7 | Institute | Institute | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 conducted | obl:agent |
| 8 | for | for | ADP | _ | 10 Studies | case |
| 9 | Security | Security | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 Studies | compound |
| 10 | Studies | Study | PROPN | Number=Plur | 4 conducted | obl |
| 11 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 12 ISS | punct |
| 12 | ISS | ISS | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 Studies | appos |
| 13 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 12 ISS | punct |
| 14 | concluded | conclude | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 15 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 28 encourages | mark |
| 16 | due | due | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP | 19 deterioration | case |
| 17 | to | to | ADP | _ | 16 due | fixed |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 deterioration | det |
| 19 | deterioration | deterioration | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 encourages | obl |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 government | case |
| 21 | government | government | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 deterioration | nmod |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 economy | cc |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 economy | det |
| 24 | economy | economy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 deterioration | conj |
| 25 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 28 encourages | punct |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 government | det |
| 27 | government | government | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 encourages | nsubj |
| 28 | encourages | encourage | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 concluded | advcl |
| 29 | corruption | corruption | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 encourages | obj |
| 30 | to | to | PART | _ | 31 make | mark |
| 31 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 encourages | xcomp |
| 32 | up | up | ADP | _ | 31 make | compound:prt |
| 33 | for | for | ADP | _ | 35 inability | case |
| 34 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 35 inability | nmod:poss |
| 35 | inability | inability | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 make | obl |
| 36 | to | to | PART | _ | 37 fund | mark |
| 37 | fund | fund | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 31 make | advcl |
| 38 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 40 institutions | nmod:poss |
| 39 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 institutions | amod |
| 40 | institutions | institution | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 fund | obj |
| 41 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 37 fund | punct |
| 42 | with | with | ADP | _ | 47 roadblocks | case |
| 43 | widespread | widespread | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 47 roadblocks | amod |
| 44 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 45 informal | cc |
| 45 | informal | informal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 widespread | conj |
| 46 | police | police | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 roadblocks | compound |
| 47 | roadblocks | roadblock | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 fund | obl |
| 48 | to | to | PART | _ | 50 fines | mark |
| 49 | issue | issue | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 fines | compound |
| 50 | fines | fine | NOUN | Number=Plur | 55 manifestation | nsubj |
| 51 | to | to | ADP | _ | 52 travellers | case |
| 52 | travellers | traveller | NOUN | Number=Plur | 50 fines | nmod |
| 53 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 55 manifestation | cop |
| 54 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 55 manifestation | nummod |
| 55 | manifestation | manifestation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 roadblocks | acl:relcl |
| 56 | of | of | ADP | _ | 57 this | case |
| 57 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 55 manifestation | nmod |
| 58 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 14 concluded | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | conduct | participle | a 2017 study not said here | for Security Studies; the Institute obl:agent | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | conclude | past | a 2017 study | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | |||||
| 3 | encourage in a quote | present | the government | corruption | due the deterioration of government and the economy | vn advise-37.9 «NP V NP how S_INF»: agent=Agent corruption=Recipient clause=Topic | |||
| 4 | make up not said to happen, in a quote | to-infinitive | corruption not said here | for corruption's inability | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | fund in a quote | to-infinitive | corruption not said here | corruption's own institutions | with widespread police roadblocks | tree rules | |||
| 6 | is a | gerund | issue fines to travellers | one manifestation | of this | tree rules | |||
| 7 | deteriorate | government | nom deterioration «state intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Zimbabwe», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Zimbabwe/152/