Zimbabwe, sentence 170
From Wikipedia, «Zimbabwe», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
The Mugabe government has directly or indirectly caused the deaths of at least three million Zimbabweans in 37 years.
Who acts: Mugabe government, million Zimbabweans · What happens: have, cause, die · To what, where: deaths
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Zimbabwe». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mugabe government, million Zimbabweans), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 government | det |
| 2 | Mugabe | Mugabe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 government | compound |
| 3 | government | government | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 has | nsubj |
| 4 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | directly | directly | ADV | _ | 4 has | advmod |
| 6 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 8 caused | cc |
| 7 | indirectly | indirectly | ADV | _ | 8 caused | advmod |
| 8 | caused | cause | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 has | conj |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 deaths | det |
| 10 | deaths | death | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 caused | obj |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 Zimbabweans | case |
| 12 | at | at | ADP | _ | 13 least | case |
| 13 | least | least | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 15 million | nmod |
| 14 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 15 million | compound |
| 15 | million | million | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 16 Zimbabweans | nummod |
| 16 | Zimbabweans | zimbabwean | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 deaths | nmod |
| 17 | in | in | ADP | _ | 19 years | case |
| 18 | 37 | 37 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 19 years | nummod |
| 19 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 caused | obl |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 has | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | the Mugabe government | directly property | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | cause | past | the Mugabe government not said here | the deaths of million Zimbabweans | year | indirectly property | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition death=Patient | ||
| 3 | die | million Zimbabweans | nom death «event intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Zimbabwe», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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