חָמָס

n.m. ψ 7:17 violence, wrong—abs. ח׳ Gn 6:11 + 44 times; cstr. חֲמַס Ju 9:24 + 7 times; sf. חֲמָסִי Gn 16:5; Je 51:35 (in both = wrong done to me); חֲמָסוֹ ψ 7:17; pl. חֲמָסִים 2 S 22:49 + 3 times;—violence specif. of physical violence Ju 9:24; 2 S 22:3 (not ‖ ψ 18:3), Ob10, Hb 1:9; Je 51:35 (of Chaldeans), Hb 2:8, 17(×2) Jo 4:19 ψ 72:14; but also wrong, incl. injurious language, harsh treatment, etc. Gn 16:5 (J, of wrong done to Sarah by Hagar), Jb 19:7 Mal 2:16; in gen. of rude wickedness of men, their noisy, wild, ruthlessness Mi 6:12 Hb 1:2; Zp 1:9 Pr 10:6, 11; 13:2; 26:6 + Ez 7:11 (si vera l., v. Co), ‖ שֹׁד Am 3:10; Hb 1:3; Je 6:7; 20:8; Ez 45:9; Is 60:18, ‖ רִיב ψ 55:10, ‖ עָמָל 7:17, ‖ גַּאֲוָה 73:6, אֹהֵב ח׳ 11:5 (‖ רָשָׁע), denied, of servant of י׳ Is 53:9, ח׳ בארץ Je 51:46, cf. Gn 6:11, 13 (P), Ez 8:17; 12:19; מָֽלְאוּ מַחֲשַׁכֵּי־אֶרֶץ נְאוֹת ח׳ ψ 74:20, הָעִיר מָֽלְאָה ח׳ Ez 7:23; 28:16, שֶׁבֶת ח׳ Am 6:3 is (prob.) enthronement of violence; כְּלֵי ח׳ Gn 49:5 (poem) instruments, weapons, of violence;—other phrases are: ח׳ בְּיָדַיִם Jon 3:8; 1 Ch 12:17, cf. Jb 16:17, ח׳ יְדֵיכֶם ψ 58:3 and פֹּעַל ח׳ בְּכַפֵּיהֶם Is 59:6; עֵד ח׳ i.e. a witness that promotes violence and wrong Ex 23:1 (JE), Dt 19:16, עֵדֵי ח׳ ψ 35:11; עֵדֵי שֶׁקֶר וִיפֵחַ חָמָס ψ 27:12; שׂנאת ח׳ ψ 25:19 = hatred characterized by violence; אִישׁ חָמָס = violent man ψ 18:49 (2 S 22:49 has the later א׳ חמסים, cf. infr.) 140:12 Pr 3:31; 16:29; אישׁ חמסים (later) ψ 140:2, 5; 2 S 22:49; יֵין חֲמָסִים Pr 4:17 i.e. wine gained by violence (‖ לֶחֶם רֶשַׁע).