עֵד

n.m. Dt 17:6 witness (prob. from reiterating, hence emphatically affirming);—ע׳ abs. Gn 31:48 +, cstr. Ex 20:16 +; sf. עֵדִי Jb 16:19; pl. עֵדִים Nu 35:30 +, cstr. עֵדֵי ψ 27:12; 35:11; sf. עֵדַי Is 43:10, 12, etc.;— witness, testimony, evidence, of things: heap of stones Gn 31:44, 48, 52 (JE), torn animal Ex 22:12 (E), song of Moses Dt 31:19, 21 (R), law-book v 26 (D), witness of י׳ against Israel; altar E. of Jordan, c. בֵּין, Jos 22:27, 28, 34 (P), cf. Is 19:20; Job’s evil condition Jb 16:8; the moon ψ 89:38. witness, a person: God, in heaven for Job Jb 16:19; on earth, for Samuel 1 S 12:5(×2) + v 6 𝔊 Th and most, Jeremiah Je 42:5; see also 1 S 20:12 (ins. עֵד bef. י׳ 𝔖 Dr Bu Kit Löhr HPS); against persons Je 29:23; Mal 3:5, nations Mi 1:2; between (בֵּין) persons Gn 31:50 (E). Davidic dyn., to nations Is 55:4. witnesses, of transfer of property Je 32:10, 12, 25, 44, betrothal Ru 4:9, 10, 11; usually of testimony in court, and in civil and social relations, c. בְּ against, Nu 5:13 Jos 24:22 1 S 12:5 +, c. קום rise up against ψ 27:12; 35:11; †עָנָה עֵד שֶׁקֶר בְּ answer (in court) as a false witness against Ex 20:16 = עֵד שָׁוְא Dt 5:17, Pr 25:18; †לְפִי עֵדִים Nu 35:30 (P); †עַל־פִּי עֵדִ(ים) Dt 17:6(×2) at the mouth of witnesses, so 19:15(×2).—False witness is ע׳ שֶׁקֶר Ex 20:16 Dt 19:18(×2) ψ 27:12 Pr 6:19; 14:5; ע׳ שְׁקָרִים 12:17; 19:5, 9; ע׳ כְּזָבִים 21:28; ע׳ חִנָּם 24:28; ע׳ בְּלִיַּעַל 19:28; ע׳ חָמָס witness of (i.e. supporting) violence Ex 23:1 (E) Dt 19:16 ψ 35:11. Faithful witness is ע׳ אֱמוּנִים Pr 14:5; ע׳ אֱמֶת Je 42:5; Pr 14:25.