שׂים

vb. put, place, set (cf. NöZMG xxxvii (1883), 532; NH סוּם Pi. designate, fix, שׂום Ecclus 45:5c; 49:6; Ph. שם, Assyrian šâmu, fix, determine; Sab. שׂים set, set up, SabDenkmNo. 7, 1. 6 CISiv. 1; Arabic شَامَ (ى) is insert, sheathe, also compute; Ethiopic ሤመ: put, place; 𝔗 שׂוּם, Syriac ܣܳܡ, Old Aramaic שים);— Pf. 3 ms. שָׂם Gn 21:14 + (2 Ch 1:5 read שָׂם 𝔊 𝔙 Gi Be Kau Benz), sf. שָׂמוֹ Ez 17:4 +, שָׂמָ֫הוּ 7:20; 3 fs. שָׂ֫מָה 1 S 19:13, sf. שָׂמָ֫תְהוּ Ez 19:5; 24:7; 2 ms. שַׂמְתָּ Je 32:20 +; 3 pl. שָׂמוּ Gn 40:15 +; 1 pl. שַׂמְנוּ Is 28:15, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יָשׂוּם Ex 4:11, יָשִׂים Gn 30:42 +, יָשִׂם Jb 23:6; juss. יָשֵׂם 1 S 22:15 +; וַיָּ֫שֶׂם Gn 2:8 +; sf. יְשִׂמֵנִי 2 S 15:4, וַיְשִׂימְךָ 1 K 10:9; 2 fs. וַתָּשִׂימִי Is 51:23; וָאָשִׂים 1 S 28:21 +, וָאָשִׂ֫ימָה Ezr 8:17; Ju 12:3 Qr (Kt ואישׂמה); 2 mpl. תָּשִׂימוּ Gn 32:17 +, תְּשִׂימ֫וּן Ex 22:24 +, etc.; Imv. ms. שִׂים Gn 24:2 +, etc.; Inf. abs. שׂוֹם Dt 17:15 +, cstr. שׂוּם 44:7 +, שִׂים Jb 20:4 + 2 S 14:7 Qr (Kt שׂום), שׂימו Is 10:6 Kt (Qr שׂוּמוֹ), etc.; Pt. שָׂם Am 7:8 +, fs. הַשָּׂמָ֫ה Is 51:10 (so read for MT הַשָּׂ֫מָה); pl. שָׂמִים Mal 2:2 +; pass. שִׂים Nu 24:21 (cf. Di), Ob 4; f. according to most שׂוּמָה 2 S 13:32 (van d. H. שׂימה Kt), but v. infr.; שִׂימָ֫ה ψ 56:9 Bae Buhl, but most Imv. ms.;—put, set (often ‖ נָתָן 2, q.v.), c. acc. pers. vel rei (expr. or impl.): put, set, in a place, + שָׁם Gn 2:8 (J), + acc. loc. 28:11 (E) + 5 times +, c. 2 acc. + loc., 2 K 10:8 heads (in) heaps at (acc. loc.), cf. Lv 24:6 (עַל); + ב 40:15 (E), fig. of י׳, put his name, בִּירוּשׁ׳ 2 K 21:7 = 2 Ch 33:7, cf. c. שָׁם 1 K 9:3; Dt 12:5 + 6 times; especially ב of receptacle Gn 31:34 (E), Ex 2:3 (E), Ju 6:19 + often; sackcloth on (ב) loins Gn 37:34 (J), 1 K 20:31, crown on head Zc 6:11; Est 1:17, shoes on feet Ez 24:17; hook, etc., in nose 2 K 19:28 = Is 37:29; Jb 40:26, incense בְּאַפֶּ֑ךָ Dt 33:10, i.e. cause thee (י׳) to smell it; feet in stocks (fig.) Jb 13:27; 33:11; knife into throat Pr 23:2 (fig. of self-restraint, Fl in De); words into mouth Ex 4:15 (J), Nu 22:38 (E) + 8 times, + Dt 31:19 teach to say or sing; into heart Jb 22:22, ins. also 1 S 29:10 𝔊 Th We Dr Kit Bu HPS; trust in God ψ 78:7; (guilt of) blood into house Dt 22:8, cf. Ju 9:24 (עַל pers.; so, c. נָתַן Dt 21:8; Je 26:15; Jon 1:14); something into hand Ex 4:21 (E), of wonders, i.e. enable hand to do them; elsewhere = take, of hammer Ju 4:21, booty 1 K 20:6, so (fig.) take one’s life (נֶפֶשׁ) into one’s palm (i.e. risk it) Ju 12:3; 1 S 19:5; 28:21; Jb 13:14; put eyes בַּפּוּךְ 2 K 9:30 (v. פּוּךְ, cf. Is 54:11); נֶפֶשׁ (= person), בַּחַיִּים ψ 66:9 (subj. י׳); set men at (the use of) implements 2 S 12:31 (prob., cf. Dr HPS; > וַיָּשַׂר(ם) sawed them with, as ‖ 1 Ch 20:3, Th We); 1 K 2:5 (‖ נתן) is dub.; 𝔊L Klo Kit read וַיִּקֹּם; charge something against (ב pers.; properly put in, i.e. attribute, impute, to) 1 S 22:15; Jb 4:18; so, c. ל pers. Dt 22:14, cf. (ל om.) v 17; put בְּקֶרֶב Am 7:8; Is 63:11, בְּתוֹךְ Ez 26:12. put something upon (עַל) Nu 21:8, 9 (E) + often; jewels, clothes, on person Gn 24:17 (J), 41:42 (E), Lv 8:8 (P), Ru 3:3, turban Zc 3:5(×2); Ex 29:5 (P), Lv 8:9 (P) cf. (prep. om.) Jb 24:15; 36:13 (fig.), girdle Je 13:1, 2, sackcloth 1 K 21:27; שׂ׳ אָדָם עַל־הָאָרֶץ Jb 20:4 (of man’s creation); of siege and siege engines, עַל = against, Mi 4:14; Ez 4:2; 23:24; put, lay, upon (עַל), 2 K 4:29 +; hand Gn 48:18 (J) + 3 times, + upon mouth, in silence Ju 18:19; Jb 21:5, and awe Mi 7:16, so c. ל Jb 29:9, לְמוֹ 40:4, 40, upon (עַל) head 2 S 13:19 (in despair, cf. Je 2:37); acc. of disease Ex 15:26 (J), so (ב pers.) v 26 Dt 7:16; fig., spirit (עַל) Nu 11:17 (JE), name 6:27 (P), duty Jb 37:15 (?), reproach 1 S 11:2, רָעָה תַּחַת טוֹבָה ψ 109:5 (𝔖 Bae וַיָשִׁיבוּ, so, or וַיְשַׁלְּמוּ, Hup Che); שׂ׳ עַל לֵב Ct 8:6 (sim.), so, fig., = remember, treasure up, Is 42:25; 47:7 (‖ זָכַר), + 6 times, c. אֶל 2 S 13:33; 19:20 (‖ id.); c. ב 1 S 21:13; cf. שׂ׳ בְּאָזְנֵי Ex 17:14 (E), impress upon. put, lay, set, c. ל, 2 K 11:16 lay (violent) hands on = 2 Ch 23:15; put end to Jb 18:2; 28:3; set לְמָרוֹם 5:11; render glory to Jos 7:19 (JE; ‖ נָתַן), Is 42:12; make covenant with 2 S 23:5; set food for Gn 43:32 (J), 2 S 12:20, prep. om. Gn 43:31 (J), so c. לִפְנֵי 1 S 9:24; 28:22; 2 K 6:22; שׂ׳ לִפְנֵי elsewhere Ju 18:21, of precedence Gn 48:20b (E); set laws (as authoritative) לִפְנֵי Ex 19:7; 21:1 (both E), Dt 4:44; God (as moral ruler) לְנֶגְדָּם ψ 54:5; 86:14; שׂ׳ נֶגֶד also Gn 31:37 (E), נֹכַח Ez 14:4, 7; לְעֵינֵי Gn 30:41 (J). put, c. בֵּין Jos 24:7 (E) + 5 times (Ex 8:19 v. פְּדוּת p. 804), + Gn 30:36 (J), 32:17 (E), put space between; c. תַּחַת Ex 17:12 (E), + 3 times (Ob 7 del. לַחְמְךָ We GASm Now al.) + שׂ׳ יָד תַּחַת יָרֵךְ in oath Gn 24:2, 9; 47:29 (all J); put, c. אֶל loc. 1 S 6:11, 15; 19:13a Hb 2:15, אֶל pers. Jb 5:8 commit unto; c. אֵצֶל rei Lv 6:3 (P), מִצַּד rei Dt 31:26 (P); שׂ׳ עִמְּךָ 1 S 9:23 lay up something with thee, reserve it; put, c. יַחַד Mi 2:12 put together = collect (‖ אָסַף, קִבֵּץ); without modifier 1 K 18:23, 25; Jb 14:15; Ez 30:21 apply bandage (‖ נָתַן). set, direct: sword against (ב) Ju 7:22; fig. extend compassion, ל pers. Is 47:6 direct לֵב, לֵבָב (mind) toward, pay attention to, c. ל, Dt 32:46; 1 S 9:20; Ez 40:4; 44:5b; c. אֶל Ex 9:21 (J), 1 S 25:25; 2 S 18:3(×2); Jb 2:3; 34:14 (Bu Du del. לֵב and read יָשִׁיב רוּחוֹ); c. עַל Hg 1:5, 7; Jb 1:8; compl. om. Ez 44:5 a Hg 2:15, 18(×2); Is 41:22; Ju 19:30 read perhaps לְבַבְכֶם for לָכֶם (or עֵצָה for עֻצוּ); לֵב om. Jb 4:20, Is 41:20 (+ רָאָה, יָדַע, הִשְׂכִּיל), c. ב pers. Jb 23:6 (so Bu, who cps. 4:20; 24:12; 34:23, but all cases dub.); שִׂים לֵב, c. עַל = intend Dn 1:8 (obj. cl.). set face (פָּנִים) toward (acc. loc.) Gn 31:21 (E), + לָבוֹא Je 42:15(×2), 17; 44:12, cf. 2 K 12:18; Dn 11:17; c. אֶל, toward or against (implying opposition) Ez 6:2 + 5 times Ez, c. עַל Ez 29:2; 35:2, c. דֶּרֶךְ of direction 21:2; c. ב (fig. of oppos., subj. י׳): הִנְנִי שָׂם פָּנַי בָּכֶם לְרָעָה Je 44:11, cf. 21:10 Ez 15:7 (‖ נתן), Lv 20:5 (P); c. ל rei (human subj.) Dn 11:18 Qr (ישׁב); c. עַל pers. + לִמְלֹךְ of purpose 1 K 2:15; set eyes (עֵינַים) upon, c. עַל pers. = behold Gn 44:21 (J), = look after, take care of, Je 39:12; 40:4, לְטוֹבָה 24:6, but לְרָעָה Am 9:4. set, ordain, c. acc. rei Nu 24:23 (> acc. pers. Di). set, establish a law, statute, + ל pers. Ex 15:25; Jos 24:25 (both E), cf. Pr 8:29; + ב loc. Is 42:4 ψ 78:5 (‖ הֵקִים), also 81:6; Je 33:25 + 2 S 20:19 (שָׂמוּ for שְׁלֻמֵי 𝔊 Ew We Kit Bu HPS, cf. Dr); establish something as (ל) law Gn 47:26 (J), 1 S 30:25 (+ ל pers.); establish bazaars (as a right), ב loc., 1 K 20:34; appoint a set time Ex 9:5 (J), Jb 34:23 (reading מוֹעֵד for עוֹד GHBWr Bu), ins. (perhaps) 1 S 13:8 so Dr Klo HPS (> ins. אמר Th We Bu Kit, after 𝔊 𝔗); a place, + ל pers. Ex 21:13; 2 S 7:10 = 1 Ch 17:9, ל rei 1 K 8:21 (+ שָׁם). set, found a nation, Is 44:7 (si vera l.), establish it ψ 89:30 (לָעַד). set, appoint (as ruler, official) + עַל pers. vel gent., Ex 1:11; 18:21 (all E), Dt 17:14, 15(×3); Ju 11:11 (+ ל of office), 2 S 17:25 (+ תַּחַת instead of) + 6 times + Gn 47:6 (J; second acc. = ruler, expressed), 2 S 23:23 (אֶל), עַל in ‖ 1 Ch 11:25; also 2 acc. + ל and ב loc. ψ 105:21, ב loc. 2 S 15:4; 2 Ch 33:14, בְּרֹאשׁ at the head of, Dt 1:13, 2 acc. alone Ct 1:6; c.acc. pers. + ל pers. Gn 27:37 (E), Ho 2:2; 1 S 8:5 (+ inf.); + ל of title Gn 45:8, 9 Ex 2:14 (+ עַל; all E) + 4 times + Ju 8:33 (+ ל pers.), + Ez 44:8 (perhaps read וַתְּשִׂימוּם Hi Sm Co and most); + ל of purpose Hb 1:12; + ב of position, ל pers. 1 S 8:11; c. acc. of office alone 1 S 8:12 (+ ל pers.), so Co Ez 21:27a (שָׂרִים for כָּרִים, v. כַּר sub כרר), 1 K 20:24 (+ תחת), cf. 2 Ch 23:18, + עַל, אֶל, of task Nu 4:19 (P); Jb 7:20 set me as (ל) mark for (ל) him. set, constitute, make, c. כ pers. vel rei, Gn 13:16 (J) I will make thy seed as the dust, 32:13 (J) 48:20 (E), Dt 10:22; Ho 11:8 + 16 times + (bad sense) Ho 2:5; Na 3:6; 1 K 19:2. set, determine, fix, bounds Je 5:22 (2 acc.) Jb 38:5, 33 ψ 104:9; pass. determined, settled, + עַל־פֶּה 2 S 13:32 (but v. II. שׂום); appoint, send, frogs לְפַרְעֹה Ex 8:8 (J), c. acc. pers. + עַל against 2 K 18:14. set, station, at a post, etc., acc. pers. Jos 8:13 (JE), + ב loc. 2 K 10:24; Je 9:7 + 5 times, + adv. acc. Gn 33:2 (J), + בֵּין loc. Jos 8:12, + ל (against) and אַחֲרֵי loc. v 2 (both JE), + ל against Ju 9:25 (+ עַל loc.), + אֶל against 20:29, 36; doubtful are 1 S 15:2 (c.ל pers.), 1 K 20:12(×2) (עַל־הָעִיר), where no obj. expr. (in MT); either an obj. has fallen out, or vb. (in techn. military sense), here intrans. or inwardly trans. (Dl ZK ii. 397 forward! take direction toward; cf.also [on Sm] We Dr Löhr), or else שׂ׳ is corrupt (cf.HPSSm). put in position, sacred bread, sword, staves, bars, c.acc. 1 S 21:7; Ez 21:27; Nu 4:6, 8, 11, 14 + 4 times P, Jb 38:10; + עַל Ex 32:27 (E), 40:20 (P), מִמַּעַל ל Je 43:10, מֵעַל Est 3:1; + (various modifiers) 8 times; set in place, תֵּבֵל Jb 34:13 (De al.), but context favours שָׁמַר Bu; Du שׂ׳ לִבּוֹ בְּתֵבֵל. set up throne 1 K 2:19, altars Je 11:13, memorial stone Gn 18:18 (J), 28:22 (E), 1 S 7:12 (cf.הֵקִים Gn 31:45 +), image, etc. Ju 18:31 (‖ הֵקִים), Dt 27:15; 1 K 12:29 (ב loc., ‖ נָתַן), 2 K 21:7 (ב loc.) = 2 Ch 33:7, cf. ψ 74:4; Is 57:8 and, + ב loc., Je 7:30; 32:34; rods before (לְעֵינֵי) cattle Gn 30:41 (‖ וַיַּצֵּג v 38), cf. v 42, guide-posts Je 31:21, bed 2 K 4:10 (+ ל pers.). = plant, wheat Is 28:25, tree 41:19 (ב loc.; ‖ נָתַן), slip Ez 17:5 (עַל by). set, fix (countenance) 2 K 8:11, so usually, but acc. om., and sense dub.; read perhaps וַיִּשֹּׁם (√ שׁמם, cf. e.g. 1 K 9:8), so Klo Kmp Kit Benz. make a thing, or pers. (acc.), for transform into (ל), Jos 6:18 (J) make camp לְחֵרֶם, Mi 1:6 make Samaria לְעִי, Gn 21:13, 18 (E), Ex 14:21 (JE), Mi 4:7 (both good sense), Is 28:17; 42:15, 16 + 12 times Is. (25:2 read עִיר for מֵעִיר Vrss Comm.), Je 2:7 + 8 times Je, + 14 times + Ju 1:28 they made the Can. into the corvée; וְיָשֵׂם לְדֶרֶךְ פְּעָמָיו ψ 85:14 maketh his steps into a way (so RV Hup Che Dr, but meaning obscure; De Bae attend to the way of (לֵב om.); Schr Hup-Now read וְיִשְׁמֹר ד׳); c. 2 acc. Jos 8:28 (J), ψ 39:9; 66:2 Mi 1:7; 4:13 1 K 5:23 (prægn. c. עַד loc.), + 29 times make, constitute, 2 acc., 1 S 8:1; 18:13 (+ ל pers.) 22:7 (לְכֻלְּכֶם, ל of acc.; or וְכֻלְּכֶם), Is 3:7; 60:17 + 6 times, + 1 S 11:11 form people in bands, cf. Jb 1:17 (one acc., form bands), + (acc. pers. om.) Ex 4:11b (J), cf. (beast, in fig.) Ez 19:5; 2 acc. and acc. + ל in same ver., Is 54:12 I will make rubies thy pinnacles, and (transform) thy gates into carbuncles; in phr. of naming, שָׂם שְׁמוֹ יִשְׂרָאֵל 2 K 17:34, cf. Ju 8:31; Ne 9:7; c. ל, וַיָּשֶׂם לָהֶם שֵׁמוֹת Dn 1:7, וַיּ׳ לְדָנִיֵּאל בֵּלְטְשַׁאצַּר v 7; make, fashion, c. acc. rei + ל pers. Ex 4:11a (J; י׳ subj.); grave Na 1:14 (but on text and meaning v. Now Bi SB Wiener Akkadian 1894, Abh. v); c. acc. דֶּרֶךְ Is 43:19 (ב loc.), cf. Ez 21:24, 25 (+ ל inf.); ψ 50:23 is dub., usually order (one’s) way, De Dr prepare way (which), etc., Gr Che תֹּם for שָׂם; make name + ל pers. 2 S 7:23 = 1 Ch 17:21, 2 S 14:7; make for, ל pers. (or give to), c.acc. of posterity Gn 45:7 (E); 1 S 2:20 read prob. יְשַׁלֵּם 𝔊 We Kit Bu HPS, cf. Dr; Ezr 10:44 b is obscure, Gu-Batten del. וַיָּשִׂימוּ and read וַיְשַׁלְּחוּ bef. נָשִׁים, cf. 3 Esdr 9:36 Be Ry Ryle. work, bring to pass, c. acc. rei, of י׳’s signs, etc., + ב loc. Ex 10:2 (J), Je 32:20; Is 66:19 ψ 46:9; 78:43; 105:27. appoint, give, acc. rei Nu 6:26 (P), Is 61:3 (‖ נָתַן; both c. ל pers.); a pledge Jb 17:3 (‖ עָרְבֵנִי go surety for me, but read perhaps עֶרְבֹנִי as obj., v. p. 786 b); וְשׂוֹם שֵׂכֶל Ne 8:3 giving understanding (making sense clear). Pf. 1 s. consec. וַהֲשִׂמֹתִיהוּ Ez 14:8, acc. pers. + ל, I will make him for a sign (שׁ for שׂ van d. H., √ שׁמם; Co Berthol Toy וְשַׂמְתִּיהוּ (Qal), Krae וְהִשְׁמַדְתִּיהוּ); Imv. fs. הָשִׂימִי 21:21, prob. del as dittogr. Co Krae after 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙 𝔗 Nö ZMG xxxvii (1883), 530 (> Bö Toy al. הִקְדִּימוּ); Pt. מֵשִׂים Jb 4:20 = Qal (לֵב) שׂום (v 2 b), but phr. dub., and text perhaps crpt., v. Me Nöl.c.. Impf. 3 ms. וַיּוּשַׂם Gn 24:33 Qr (Kt ויישׂם Ges§ 73 f) there was set before him (לְפָנָיו) to eat, cf. Ol MB Ak. 1870, 389 Kö i. 435, who read also וַיּוּשַׂם 50:26 he was laid in (ב) a mummycase (for MT וַיִּישֶׂם Di (ed. 4.5.6) allows this.