שָׁמַיִם

vb. be desolated, appalled (connex. of meanings not clear) (NH id.; J.Aram שְׁמַם Ithp. be dazed);— Pf. 3 fs. שָׁמֵ֑מָה Ez 35:15, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשֹּׁם 1 K 9:8 +, 3 mpl. יָשֹׁ֫מּוּ Jb 17:8 ψ 40:16, etc.; Imv. mpl. שֹׁ֫מּוּ Je 2:12; Inf. cstr. (?) metapl. שַׁמּוֹת Ez 36:3 (Ges§ 67r, but v. infra);—תֵּשַׁם, etc. (v. [יָשַׁם]) are placed here by most; Ez 6:6 reads תִּישָׁ֑מְנָה, v. Ges§ 67 p dd;—Pt. שׁוֹמֵם La 3:11 (v. also Pōʿ.); f. שֹׁמֵמָ֔ה (Ges§ 84 a s) 2 S 13:20 +; pl. שׁוֹמֵמִין La 1:4, etc.;— be desolated, of Tamar 2 S 13:20 (i.e. deflowered, or deserted; others appalled), of pers. elsewhere late La 1:16; נְתָנַנִי שֹׁמֵמָה v 13, שָׂמַנִ֫י שׁ׳ 3:11; pt. as n.f. בְּנֵי שׁוֹמֵמָה Is 54:1 (opp. בְּעוּלָה) [Dn 8:13 + v. Pōʿ.]; usually of land, etc. (sometimes = deserted), Is 49:8; Ez 33:28 (מֵאֵין עוֹבֵר), 35:12 (read שָֽׁמְמוּ Qr Co Toy Krae; > Kt שׁממה), v 15; הֶחֳרָבוֹת הַשֹּׁמְמוֹת 36:4 (‖ הֶעָרִים הַנֶּעֱזָבוֹת); שַׁמּוֹת v 3 is prob. corrupt, Co שְׁאָט as v 5, Hi-Sm from שׁמה = נשׁם, Toy נָשֹׁם, Krae נְשֹׁם, La 1:4; 5:18; pt. fpl. as n. = desolate places Is 49:19; 61:4 (both ‖ חֳרָבוֹת), v 4 (cf. שְׁמָמָה 62:4); = desolations Dn 9:18, 26. be appalled, awestruck, usually at (עַל) judgments on others, Lv 26:32 (H), Je 2:12 (v. II. [חָרֵב]), Ez 26:16; 27:35; 28:19; Is 52:14; Jb 17:8, cf. 1 K 9:8 = 2 Ch 7:21, Je 18:16; 19:8; 49:17; 50:13; on oneself ψ 40:16 (עַל־עֵקֶב).—Is 42:14 v. [נשׁם]. Pf. 3 fs. נָשַׁ֫מָּה Je 12:11 +, 3 pl. נָשַׁ֫מּוּ Zp 3:6 +; Pt. f. נְשַׁמָּה Ez 36:34 +, etc.;—= Qal: be desolated, of roads Lv 26:22 (H), Is 33:8, bamoth Am 7:9 (‖ יֶחֱרָ֑בוּ), altars Ez 6:4; cf. 25:3; 32:15 Zp 3:6; Zc 7:14; Jo 1:17 ψ 69:26; lands Je 12:11; Ez 29:12; 30:7; 36:34, 35, cities Is 54:3 (opp. יוֹשִׁיבוּ), cf. Ez 36:35; Am 9:14; Je 33:10; הַנְּשַׁמָּה Ez 36:36 the desolated (sc. land, in fig.). be appalled Je 4:9; La 4:5; Ez 4:17; 30:7, c. עַל rei Jb 18:20. Pt. וָאֵֽשְׁבָה מְשׁוֹמֵם Ezr 9:3 I sat appalled, cf. v 4. transit. appalling, causing horror (Dr Dn 150 f.): (הַ)שִּׁקּוּץ מְשֹׁמֵם Dn 11:31, + perhaps 9:27a (v. שִׁקּוּץ); so also שִׁקּ׳ שֹׁמֵם 12:11 (on שׁ׳ v. Ges§ 52s), הַפֶּשַׁע שֹׁמֵם 8:13 the crime causing horror, and שׁ׳ as n. Horror-causer, appaller, 9:27b. Pf. 2 ms. הֲשִׁמּ֫וֹתָ Jb 16:7, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַשִּׁים (Ges§ 67y) Je 49:20; 50:45, 3 mpl. sf. וַיְשִׁמֵּם 1 S 5:6, 1 pl. נַשִּׁים Nu 21:30, etc.; Imv. mpl. הָשַׁמּוּ (Ges§ 67v) Jb 21:5; Inf. abs. הַשְׁמֵם Mi 6:13; Pt. מַשְׁמִים Ez 3:15;— devastate, ravage, acc. pers. 1 S 5:6; Ez 20:26; Ho 2:14 (fig. of vine), Jb 16:7; acc. loc. Lv 26:31, 32 (H), Je 10:25; Ez 30:12, 14 ψ 79:7, so (acc. om.) Nu 21:30 (poem in JE), Mi 6:13;—Ez 14:8 v. שִׂים Hiph. appall, acc. pers., c. עַל at, Je 49:20; 50:45; Ez 32:10. inwardly trans., וָאֵשֵׁב מַשׁ׳ 3:15 shewing horror, Jb 21:5 (Bu Niph. הִשַּׁמּוּ). Inf. abs. כָּל־יְמֵי הָשַּׁמָּה (sc. הָאָרֶץ) Lv 26:34 (H) all the days of (its) being desolate, so v 35 2 Ch 36:21; Aramaizing, בָּהְשַׁמָּה (Ges§ 67y) Lv 26:43. Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁתּוֹמֵם ψ 143:4, etc.;— be appalled, astounded, כִּי that, because, Is 59:16; 63:5; עַל rei Dn 8:27; בְּתוֹכִי יִשְׁתּ׳ לְבִּי ψ 143:4 (cf. 1 pl. נשתומם Ecclus 43:24). cause oneself desolation, ruin, Ec 7:16 (תִּשּׁוֹמֵם, var. תִּשְׁתּוֹמֵם).