Clausal predicate with a copula: ccomp in the text, nsubj:outer in the data

Gist. In The problem is that these sentences are difficult the predicate is a whole clause. specific-syntax.md describes the old analysis: the head is is, the clause is ccomp. The 2.10 amendment and _en/dep/cop.md make the predicate of the inner clause the head, and mark the subject of the outer clause nsubj:outer. EWT follows the amendment.

Guideline.

• 2.18:docs/_en/specific-syntax.md:46–51: «exceptionally, the copular verb is treated as the predicate, and the clause is given attached to it, with the ccomp label», example ccomp(is, difficult);
• 2.18:docs/_en/dep/cop.md:62–79: nsubj:outer(tried, problem);
• 2.18:docs/changes.md No. 5 (05.2022, 2.10, AMENDMENT, VALIDATOR) «Multiple Subjects»: the old exception is cancelled.

EWT 2.18 data (engine):

• nsubj:outer and csubj:outer — 257. Only 3 of them are on a head without cop: with conditions as they are, the ellipsis probably to get, the first thing I do is change;
• be as a head with ccomp and a subject — 7. None is the old analysis: these are quotative be like (I was like …, 5) and there are hints … that … (2).

Where the discrepancy comes from. The "Copulas" section of specific-syntax.md was not updated after 2.10.

Sources. 2.18:docs/_en/specific-syntax.md, 2.18:docs/_en/dep/cop.md, 2.18:docs/_en/dep/nsubj-outer.md, 2.18:docs/changes.md#multiple-subjects; seeds Outer subject with a predicate clause, In a copular clause the head is the predicative; report verbal.md, discrepancy 5.

rule: ud218.outer-subject
what: nsubj:outer / csubj:outer — the clausal-predicate analysis of the 2.10 amendment
match: p[]; s[rel=nsubj:outer|csubj:outer, head=p]
require: exists c[rel=cop, head=p]
severity: warn
source: UD 2.18 docs/changes.md#multiple-subjects; docs/_en/dep/cop.md:62

rule: ud218.be-ccomp-head
what: be — head with ccomp and a subject (the old analysis of specific-syntax.md:46)
match: b[lemma=be]; x[rel=ccomp, head=b]; s[rel~nsubj, head=b]
require: not b[lemma=be]
severity: warn
source: UD 2.18 docs/_en/specific-syntax.md:46–51

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/dialects/ud-2.18/seeds/clausal-predicate/