Sources
What this manual rests on, where each item is, its licence, and what it was used for. Local paths are on the project's data disk (outside the repo, Data and model licences); open URLs are given where they exist. Quotations in the chapters are short and attributed. Read or measured on 2026-10-17.
Grammars and histories (read)
| Work | Local copy | Licence | Used for |
|---|---|---|---|
| E. A. Abbott, A Shakespearian Grammar: an attempt to illustrate some of the differences between Elizabethan and modern English, new ed., London: Macmillan, 1884 (1st ed. 1869/1870) | en-gram-abbott-shakespearian-1884 (scan and OCR text; archive.org/details/shakespeariangra00abborich our card) | public domain | §§ 101–105 (an, and if), 118–128 (but), 212–213 (thee for thou), 217–218, 228 (his, its), 231–237 (thou/you, ye, mine/thine), 241, 244, 265–274 (relatives), 295 (be-perfect), 298–331 (be, do, modals), 332–345 (verb inflections), 361–371 (subjunctive), 420–427 (transposition), 459–466 (spelling, contraction) |
| Míša Hejná & George Walkden, A history of English, Berlin: Language Science Press, 2022 (Textbooks in Language Sciences) | 346-hejnawalkden-2022.pdf | CC BY 4.0 | ch. 4 «Early Modern English (1500–1700)»: §4.3.1 thou/you (Wales 1983, Brown & Gilman 1960, Quakers), §4.3.2 -th vs -s, irregular forms, §4.4.1 V-to-I movement and do-support (Ecay 2015, Ellegård 1953, Warner 2005, Kroch 1989) |
| Otto Jespersen, Negation in English and Other Languages, København: Høst, 1917 (new ed. Language Science Press 2025) | en-gram-jespersen-negation | public domain (1917); new ed. CC BY | p. 14: know not kept into the 19th century; not before the verb in Shakespeare |
| Wilhelm Franz, Shakespeare-Grammatik, Halle: Niemeyer, 1898–1900 | en-gram-franz-shakespeare-grammatik-1900 | public domain | consulted for the table of contents; German, fuller than Abbott on morphology — a source for the next revision |
NLP papers (read)
| Work | Local copy | Licence | Used for |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yi Yang & Jacob Eisenstein, «Part-of-Speech Tagging for Historical English», NAACL-HLT 2016, 1318–1328 | N16-1157.pdf; aclanthology.org/N16-1157 our card | CC BY 4.0 | tagging accuracy by period in PPCEME (Table 3), PTB → PPCEME 74.2 % → 79.1 % with normalisation and adaptation (Table 4), VARD normalises 12 % of tokens, 23 % OOV |
| Seth Kulick, Neville Ryant & Beatrice Santorini, «Parsing Early Modern English for Linguistic Search», SCiL 2022 | 2022.scil-1.12.pdf; aclanthology.org/2022.scil-1.12 our card | CC BY 4.0 | the six do-support sentence types, PPCEME 1.7 M words 1500–1712, EEBO 1.5 G words |
| Seth Kulick, Neville Ryant & Beatrice Santorini, «Penn-Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Early Modern English: First Parsing Results and Analysis», Findings of NAACL 2022 | 2022.findings-naacl.44.pdf; aclanthology.org/2022.findings-naacl.44 our card | CC BY 4.0 | background: parser F1 and per-tag accuracy on PPCEME |
| (not read in detail) Moon & Baldridge 2007, POS tagging for Middle English through alignment; Flachs et al. 2019, historical text normalisation | aclbulk-2007-moon-part-speech-tagging-middle-english (CC BY-NC-SA: tests only), acl-2019-flachs-historical-text-normalization-delayed-rewards (CC BY 4.0) | candidates for the normalisation layer |
Texts (examples and counts)
| Text | Where | Licence | Used for |
|---|---|---|---|
| The Torah, JPS 1917 (The Holy Scriptures According to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society of America), eBible.org USFM | torah-jps1917; sentences torah.tsv, verse references torah.tsv.verses | public domain | all jps: examples and counts |
| King James Version, 1769 text, eBible.org | bible-kjv (see the research library guide docs/papers/corpus-religion.md) | public domain outside the UK (Crown letters patent in the UK) | KJV/JPS comparison (chapter 1.4) and KJV examples |
| 0.3 tales pool (Project Gutenberg books: PG 11027, 2591, 503, 540, 3454, 1597, 27200, 14241, 7439, 7885, 22373, 29672, 236, 976, 29021, 2306, 16, 21, 128, 11339 …) | pool.tsv; raw books tales-pg-<n> | public domain | book: examples, tales counts |
| Sefer Yetzirah, English translations (Kalisch 1877, Westcott 1887 and 1893) | docs/sefer-yetzirah/text/ (repo) | public domain (Data and model licences) | chapter 11.6, 14.6 |
| Universal Dependencies English EWT 2.18, train | $UD_ROOT/UD_English-EWT/en_ewt-ud-train.conllu | CC BY-SA 4.0 — tests and measurements only, nothing copied | counts of archaic forms in the training data, conventions for you guys, mine, Mood=Sub |
Mova's own data and code (measured)
| Item | Path | Used for |
|---|---|---|
| Torah parse database | current.conllu (2026-10-17 21:29) | the db audit (chapters 3–12) |
| Torah cycle logs | prepare.log, mmm.conllu, mmm-gparse.conllu, final.conllu, report.txt, cycle.tsv | refusals, stage-by-stage lemma survival |
| Small model | en-agreed.bin, run with en annotate built from main at f3e616747 | «SLM now» |
| Lemmatizer | en/src/morph.rs (archaic, commit 3e639a08e), en/data/forms.tsv (AGID entries) | chapter 4.5 |
| Gate | en/src/udreg.rs, en/data/ud-registry-en.tsv; annot/src/main.rs (drafts_from, commit d3101c072) | chapter 5, 12 |
| Graph parser lexicon fill | gparse/src/data.rs (Lex::fill), gparse/src/main.rs (annotate) | chapter 12.5 |
| Pragmatic features | prag/src/feats.rs | chapter 7, 12.7, 13 |
| World | world/src/rerank.rs, world/src/induce.rs, world/src/worldbook.rs, Who can do what to whom — level-1 selectional preferences (2026-10-02) | chapter 10, 12.7 |
Web pages consulted
| Page | Read | Used for |
|---|---|---|
| Wikipedia, «Tyndale Bible», en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyndale Bible | 2026-10-17 | the «around 90 %» Tyndale share, attributed there to Coggan 1968 (CC BY-SA: cited, not copied) |
Wanted (not in the library; would improve this manual)
| Work | Why | Status |
|---|---|---|
| W. A. Wright, The Bible Word-Book: A Glossary of Archaic Words and Phrases in the Authorised Version (2nd ed., 1884) | the standard list of KJV false friends and obsolete words with their 1611 senses; would replace the hand-made list in chapter 10.3 | public domain; on archive.org — ask the Scientist |
| C. T. Onions, A Shakespeare Glossary (1911) | lexicon of Shakespeare's senses | public domain |
| Henry Sweet, A New English Grammar, Logical and Historical, Part I (1892) and Part II (1898) | historical accidence and syntax; Mova has en-gram-sweet-short-historical-1892 (A Short Historical English Grammar) and en-gram-sweet-neg, not the New English Grammar | public domain |
| Arvid Ellegård, The Auxiliary Do: The Establishment and Regulation of Its Use in English (1953) | the classic quantitative study behind chapter 7 | in copyright |
| Charles Barber, Early Modern English (2nd ed. 1997); Manfred Görlach, Introduction to Early Modern English (1991); Terttu Nevalainen, An Introduction to Early Modern English (2006); Roger Lass (ed.), The Cambridge History of the English Language, vol. III, 1476–1776 (1999) | standard handbooks; would let the manual cite page numbers for morphology and spelling | in copyright — summaries only |
| Jonathan Hope, Shakespeare's Grammar (2003); N. F. Blake, A Grammar of Shakespeare's Language (2002) | modern Shakespeare grammars | in copyright |
| David Crystal, Begat: The King James Bible and the English Language (2010) | the KJV's idioms in modern English (chapter 11) | in copyright |
| Jon Nielson & Royal Skousen, «How Much of the King James Bible Is William Tyndale's?», Reformation 3 (1998) | the Tyndale share (chapter 1.3) | article |
| Terttu Nevalainen & Helena Raumolin-Brunberg, Historical Sociolinguistics (2nd ed. 2016) | the -s/-th change (cited via Hejná & Walkden) | in copyright |
| Penn-Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Early Modern English (PPCEME) | a gold treebank of EModE (phrase structure) for a real test set | LDC licence — tests only if obtained |
| EEBO-TCP Phase I texts | unnormalised EModE at scale (1475–1700) | public domain (Phase I) — would need the spelling layer of chapter 2 |
| The First Folio (1623) transcription, Gutenberg or Folger Shakespeare (CC BY-NC) | Shakespeare's text for chapter 14.5 | Gutenberg texts public domain; Folger NC — tests only |
| Revised Version (1885) Pentateuch | the missing link between KJV and JPS 1917 (chapter 1.3) | public domain |
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/en-x-emode/sources/