OntoSem Methods for Processing Semantic Ellipsis

What it is about

Syntactic ellipsis leaves out required syntax. Semantic ellipsis leaves out meaning that a full interpretation needs, even when the syntax is complete. An example is a comparison of two percentages across two years that leaves out the verb (hiring). The paper describes how the OntoSem environment rebuilds such missing elements from its ontology, using frames with default fillers and a fact repository. Some phenomena are fully implemented, some partly, and some only described. The paper is an early report, given before full evaluation. The one formal result reported is that the analyzer reaches over 90% accuracy on word sense disambiguation and 87% on semantic dependencies, on correct syntax and on sentences averaging over 25 words with 1.33 unknown words each.

Ideas

• I1. world/src/frames.rs: when a nominal has no verb in a clause, fill the event from a default frame, with the verb chosen from VerbNet or WordNet coverage. Mark every filled role as default in the output. Measure the number of filled roles on EWT test and check 50 of them by hand.
• I2. Provenance in en explain: keep for each role whether it came from the text or from a default, and show it in the explanation. This adds no new claim, but it lets a reader see which parts of a world are inferred.
• I3. WSD baseline: report the onto/src/wsd.rs accuracy on a sense-tagged set whose licence allows testing, next to the paper's 90% figure, so that the rebuilt roles are judged against a known baseline.

For Mova

The code is world/src/frames.rs, onto/src/wsd.rs and en/src/explain.rs. The chapter is 29. Ellipsis, word order and information structure. The paper's numbers are from the OntoSem system, not Mova. Measure first: the number and the hand-checked accuracy of the default roles on EWT test.

Topics: Word sense disambiguation

Cite

The paper itself, not this card. BibTeX from the library's record of the work. DOI 10.3115/1596431.1596432

@inproceedings{mcshane2004ontosem,
  title = {{OntoSem Methods for Processing Semantic Ellipsis}},
  author = {McShane, Marjorie and Beale, Stephen and Nirenburg, Sergei},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Computational Lexical Semantics Workshop at HLT-NAACL 2004},
  year = {2004},
  doi = {10.3115/1596431.1596432},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3115/1596431.1596432}
}

References

13 references, 0 of them with a card of ours. ↗ leads to the work, «find» searches for one we have no id for yet.

1. Stephen Beale, Sergei Nirenburg and Marjorie McShane. 2003. Just-in-time grammar. Proceedings of the 2003 International Multiconference in Computer Science and Computer Engineering, Las Vegas, Nevada. find
2. Jerry R. Hobbs and Andrew Kehler. 1997. A theory of parallelism and the case of VP ellipsis. Proceedings of the 35 th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Madrid, Spain. find
3. Andrew Kehler and Stuart Shieber. 1997. Anaphoric dependencies in ellipsis. Computational Linguistics, 23(3): 457-466. find
4. Shalom Lappin. 1992. The syntactic basis of ellipsis resolution. Proceedings of the Stuttgart Ellipsis Workshop, 1-47. find
5. Marjorie McShane. Forthcoming. A Theory of Ellipsis. Oxford University Press. Marjorie McShane, Stephen Beale and Sergei Nirenburg. Forthcoming. Some meaning procedures of Ontological Semantics. Proceedings of LREC 2004, Lisbon, Portugal. find
6. Marjorie McShane and Sergei Nirenburg. 2002. Reference and ellipsis in Ontological Semantics. Memoranda in Computer and Cognitive Science, MCCS-02-329. The Computing Research Laboratory, New Mexico State University. find
7. Sergei Nirenburg, Marjorie McShane and Stephen Beale. 2003a. Enhancing recall in information extraction through Ontological Semantics. Proceedings of the Workshop on Ontologies and Information Extraction, Bucharest, Romania, August 2003. find
8. Sergei Nirenburg, Marjorie McShane and Stephen Beale. 2003b. Operative strategies in Ontological Semantics. Proceedings of HLT-NAACL-03 Workshop on Text Meaning, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, June 2003. find
9. Sergei Nirenburg and Victor Raskin. 2004 (forthcoming). Ontological Semantics, the MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass. find
10. Sergei Nirenburg, Stephen Beale and Marjorie McShane. 2004. Evaluating the Performance of the OntoSem Semantic Analyzer. Submitted to ACL-04. find
11. James Pustejovsky. The Generative Lexicon. The MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass. find
12. Roger Schank and Robert Abelson. 1977. Scripts, Plans, Goals, and Understanding: An Inquiry into Human Knowledge Structures. L. Erlbaum Associates, New York. find
13. Beth Sundheim. 1995. The MUC coreference task definition v. 3.0. Proceedings of the 6th Message Understanding Conference. find

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