The syntax of functional left peripheries: Clause typing in West Germanic and beyond

What it is about

The book asks how the leftmost edge of the clause (the CP) marks clause type, and why some West Germanic varieties allow two overt markers in one CP: a complementiser with an operator, as in non-standard English "which book that Ralph is reading" or "whether that". It is a minimalist study: the number of projections is kept minimal, and the variation is modelled by an operation that fuses the markers. The core chapters cover embedded interrogatives, relative clauses, embedded degree clauses and ellipsis. The English study in chapter 4 compares the King James Bible (1611/1769) with the New King James Version (1989). The KJB has 5,606 relative "who" and 761 relative "whom" hits; where the modern version has "that" in a subject relative (970 positions), the KJB has "that" in 921 (94.95%) and "which" in 46 (4.74%). The author argues that the modern standard pattern is partly a late-Modern standardisation effect, with the case system unchanged.

Ideas

• I1. Mark a doubly filled CP as a marked, not an erroneous, pattern in the parser: "I wonder whether that..." and "which book that" should parse with the marker on the clause, and the parser should record the dialect feature.
• I2. Count relative markers in Early Modern texts with tools/gutenberg and compare with the KJB figures above: who, whom, which, that and zero. The KJB is public domain, so the count can be checked against the paper's numbers before any new claim.
• I3. Case-based role rule for relative pronouns in prag/src/roles.rs: "whom" marks an oblique role inside the relative clause and "who" a subject role, which matches the paper's claim that the case contrast drives the variation.
• I4. A relative-marker frequency table by role (subject, object, PP), as in Table 4.5 of the book, kept in a BTreeMap order and reported per text, so each change in marker choice can be checked by text.

For Mova

The relevant chapters are 25. Relative clauses, 26-questions.md (embedded polar and constituent questions) and 23-complementation.md. The code is the relative-clause handling in en/src/parse.rs, the role labels in prag/src/roles.rs, and the corpus counts in tools/gutenberg. The measure is the relative-marker count against the KJB numbers, and the parser's attachment score on doubly filled CP sentences with a negative control of the same sentences without the marker. The book's German and Scandinavian material is not for Mova; the English chapters are.

Cite

The paper itself, not this card. BibTeX from the library's record of the work.

@book{bacskaiatkari2023syntax,
  title = {{The syntax of functional left peripheries: Clause typing in West Germanic and beyond}},
  author = {Bacskai-Atkari, Julia},
  year = {2023},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8205597}
}

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