Analyzing זֶה Grammar and Reading זֶה Texts of Ps 68:9 and Judg 5:5
What it is about
The paper argues that grammar and literary reading must check each other, using the demonstrative זֶה. Following Diessel's typology, Hebrew זֶה is deictic and pronominal ("This is the sign of the covenant", Gen 9:12) or adnominal ("this land", Gen 12:7); it also grammaticalized into a copula-like element in questions ("Are you my son Esau?", Gen 27:21) and, rarely and mainly in poetry, a relative marker (Ps 104:8). The disputed phrase זֶה סִינַי in Judg 5:5 and Ps 68:9 has often been read, on comparative Semitic grounds, as a determinative "the One of Sinai" (like Ugaritic or Arabic ḏū); Holmstedt shows that no other example supports that use and that the poetic parallelism fits the Masoretic reading, with זֶה as a pronominal demonstrative. An appendix lists mis-analysed examples, many from the Torah, of זֶה with a time or count phrase: "This is twenty years (that) I have been with you" (Gen 31:38), "This is three times!" (Num 22:28).
Ideas
- I1. A tree convention for זֶה + number/time phrase + clause (Gen 27:36; 31:38, 41; 45:6; Num 14:22; 22:28, 32, 33; 24:10; Deut 2:7; 8:2, 4): זֶה is the subject of a verbless clause whose predicate is the count ("twenty years"), and the following finite clause is an unmarked relative/adverbial attached to it. Check how our trees attach these twelve or so Torah cases and fix the rule if they differ.
- I2. Tag each Torah זֶה with Diessel's function (pronominal, adnominal, copular-in-question, relative) by tree position: nsubj/obj → pronominal; det after a definite noun → adnominal; after an interrogative pronoun (מַה־זֶּה, לָמָּה זֶה) → question particle. Count each and put the table in the pronouns chapter.
- I3. A
pragrule: "זֶה + ordinal/cardinal + times/years" in speech → a reproach or complaint (Balaam's ass, Balak, Jacob to Laban), an evaluative act with negative polarity.
For Mova
I1 is a head-rule check in tools/macula (UD conventions, 13-mova-tools.md section 6) and a note in Syntax: the clause and the sentence (verbless clauses). I2 goes into 05-pronouns-particles.md (demonstratives). I3 is a candidate for the evaluate family in tools/macula/src/prag.rs, measured against JPS ("these three times").
Cite
@article{holmstedt2014analyzing,
title = {{Analyzing זֶה Grammar and Reading זֶה Texts of Ps 68:9 and Judg 5:5}},
author = {Holmstedt, Robert D.},
journal = {Journal of Hebrew Scriptures 14},
year = {2014},
doi = {10.5508/jhs.2014.v14.a8},
url = {https://doi.org/10.5508/jhs.2014.v14.a8}
}References
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