Mova0.5 pre-release⌕
☰
home / docs / papers / Ancient Hebrew / The Structure of Interjections in Biblical Hebrew: Phonetics, Morphology, and Syntax

The Structure of Interjections in Biblical Hebrew: Phonetics, Morphology, and Syntax

What it is about

The paper tests twelve primary emotive interjections of Biblical Hebrew (אֲהָהּ, אוֹי, הוֹי, אוֹיָה, אָח, הֶאָח, אַלְלַי, הָהּ, הוֹ and others: "ah, alas, woe, aha") against the typological prototype of an interjection, feature by feature, in phonology (7 features), morphology (2) and syntax (6), and scores the fit (phonology about 0.53, morphology 0.85, syntax 0.54). The Hebrew interjections use no odd sounds, are vowel-heavy, stressed, short, all start with ʾ or h and use gutturals; they are uninflected and opaque. Syntactically they are extra-clausal, like vocatives and left-dislocated phrases, but most are not used alone: they head an "interjectional phrase" with a noun phrase (vocative) or a prepositional phrase (הוֹי + noun; אוֹי לִי / אוֹי לָנוּ "woe to me/us"), and are often joined to the next word by a conjunctive accent. This corrects older grammars that called them phonetically odd, syntactically incomplete, or unable to combine.

Ideas

For Mova

I1 belongs in Pronouns, particles and prepositions (interjections) and the head rules of tools/macula (13 §6). I2 is a candidate for the evaluate rule set in tools/macula/src/prag.rs (EVAL_NEG/EVAL_POS). I3 is for macula dict and 10-lexicon.md. I4 is a count for 02-cantillation.md.

Cite

The paper itself, not this card. BibTeX from the library's record of the work. DOI 10.5508/jhs29555

@article{andrason2020structure,
  title = {{The Structure of Interjections in Biblical Hebrew: Phonetics, Morphology, and Syntax}},
  author = {Andrason, Alexander and Hornea, Irina and Joubert, Marcus},
  journal = {Journal of Hebrew Scriptures 20},
  year = {2020},
  doi = {10.5508/jhs29555},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5508/jhs29555}
}

References

78 references, 1 of them with a card of ours. ↗ leads to the work, «find» searches for one we have no id for yet.

  1. Ameka, F. 1992a. “Interjections: the Universal yet Neglected Part of Speech.” Journal of Pragmatics 18/2–3:101–18. find
  2. __. 1992b. “The meaning of phatic and conative interjections.” Journal of Pragmatics 18/2–3:245–71. find
  3. __. 2006. “Interjections.” Pp. 743–46 in Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics. Ed. K. Brown. Amsterdam: Elsevier. find
  4. Ameka, F., and D. Wilkins. 2006. “Interjections.” Pp. 1–19 in Handbook of Pragmatics. Eds. J.-O. Östman and J. Verschueren. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. find
  5. Andrason, A. forthcoming. “Primary Interjections in Ugaritic.” Aula Orientalis. Andrason, A., and M. Dlali. forthcoming. “The (Crucial yet Neglected) Category of Interjections in Xhosa.” STUF– Language Typology and Universals 73. Andrason, A., and D.A. Hutchison. forthcoming. “Interjections in Biblical Aramaic.” Aramaic Studies. Andrason, A., and J.P. Vita. forthcoming. “A Contribution to the Study of Interjections in Canaano-Akkadian.” Die Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft. Andrason, A., J. Westbury, and C.H.J. van der Merwe. 2016. “Left Dislocation: An Exploration in Linguistic Typology.” Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics Plus 50:1–20. Bauer, H., and P. Leander. 1922[1962]. Historische Grammatik der hebräischen Sprache des Alten Testamentes. Hildesheim: Olms. BDB 1906 = Brown, F., S.R. find
  6. Driver, and C.A. Briggs. 1906. A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament. Oxford: Clarendon. find
  7. Blevins, J. 2018. Advances in Proto-Basque Reconstruction with Evidence for the Proto-European-Euskarian Hypothesis. London: Routledge. find
  8. Block, D.I. 1997. The New International Commentary on the Old Testament. The Book of Ezekiel 25–48. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans. find
  9. Brockelmann, C. 1956. Hebräische Syntax. Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener Verlag. find
  10. __. 1961 [1913]. Grundriss der vergleichenden Grammatik der semitischen Sprachen: II. Band. Syntax. Hildesheim: Olms. find
  11. Clifford, R.J. 1966. “The Use of Hôy in the Prophets.” Catholic Biblical Quarterly 28/4:458–64. find
  12. Clines, D.J.A. et al. 1993. The Dictionary of Classical Hebrew. Vol. 1. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press. find
  13. Clines, D.J.A. et al. 1995. The Dictionary of Classical Hebrew. Vol. 2. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press. find
  14. Corbett, G. 2005. “The Canonical Approach in Typology.” Pp. 25–49 in Linguistic Diversity and Language Theories. Eds. Z. Frajzyngier, A. Hodges, and D. Rood. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. find
  15. __. 2007. “Canonical Typology, Suppletion and Possible Words.” Language 83:8–42. find
  16. __. 2010. “Canonical Derivational Morphology.” Word Structure 3/2:141–55. find
  17. Corver, N. 2015. “Interjections as Structured Root Expressions.” Pp. 41–83 in Representing Structure in Phonology and Syntax. Eds. M. van Oostendorp, and H. van Riemsdijk. Berlin: de Gruyter. find
  18. Davidson, A.B. 1976. Hebrew Syntax. Edinburgh: T&T Clark. find
  19. Davidson, A.B., and J. Mauchline. 1966. An Introductory Hebrew Grammar: with Progressive Exercises in Reading, Writing and Pointing. Edinburgh: T&T Clark. Del Barco, J., and M.G. Seijas De Los Rí os-Zarzosa. 2010. “The Series of Woes in Pre-Exilic Prophecy: A Computer-Assisted Study on Syntax and Semantics.” Pp. 171–88 in Computer Assisted Research on the Bible in the 21st Century. Eds. L. Vegas Montaner, M.G. Seijas De Los Rí os-Zarzosa, and J. del Barco. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias. find
  20. Di Giulio, M. 2014. “Exclamation: Biblical Hebrew.” P. 875 in Encyclopedia of Hebrew Language and Linguistics. Vol 1. Ed. G. Khan. Leiden: Brill. find
  21. Duke, R. 2013. “The Interjection ה א ֵּ in Biblical and Inscriptional Texts.” Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament 27/2:219–25. find
  22. Edzard, L. 2011. “Biblical Hebrew.” Pp. 480–514 in The Semitic Languages: An International Handbook. Ed. S. Weninger. Berlin: de Gruyter. find
  23. Fox, J.T. 2003. Semitic Noun Patterns. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns. find
  24. Fraser, B. 1996. “Pragmatic Markers.” Pragmatics 6:167–90. find
  25. Gerstenberger, E. 1962. “Woe-Oracles of the Prophets.” Journal of Biblical Literature 81/3:249–63. Gesenius 1860 = Gesenius, W., and S.P. find
  26. Tregelles. 1860. Gesenius’ Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon. London: Samuel Bagster and Sons. Gesenius 1910 = Gesenius, W., E. Kautzsch, and A.E. find
  27. Cowley. 1910. Gesenius’ Hebrew Grammar. Oxford: Clarendon. HALOT 1994–2000 = Koehler, L. et al. 1994–2000. The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament CD-ROM Edition (Subsequently revised by Baumgartner, W., and J.J. Stamm). Leiden: Brill. find
  28. Hillers, D.R. 1983. “Hôy and hôy-oracles: A Neglected Syntactic Aspect.” Pp. 185–88 in The Word of the Lord Shall Go Forth: Essays in Honor of David Noel Freedman in Celebration of His Sixtieth Birthday. Eds. C.L. Meyers, and M. O’Connor. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns. find
  29. Hopper, P.J., and E.C. Traugott. 2003. Grammaticalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. find
  30. Janda, L. 2015. “Cognitive Linguistics in the Year 2015.” Cognitive Semantics 1:131–54. find
  31. Janzen, W. 1965. “'Ašrê and in the Old Testament.” Harvard Theological Review 58/2:215–26. find
  32. __. 1969. “'A š rê and Hôi in the Old Testament.” PhD dissertation, Harvard University. find
  33. __. 1972. Mourning Cry and Woe Oracle. Berlin: de Gruyter. find
  34. Jenni, E. 1997a. “ יוֹה hôy.” Pp. 483–85 in Theological Lexicon of the Old Testament. Vol I. Peabody: Hendrickson Publishers. find
  35. __. 1997b. “ ה ה ָ א ֲ a hāh.” Pp. 117–18 in Theological Lexicon of the Old Testament. Vol I. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson. Joü on, P., and T. Muraoka. 2006. A Grammar of Biblical Hebrew. Rome: Pontifical Biblical Institute. find
  36. Kaltenböck, G., E. Keizer, and A. Lohmann. 2016. “Extra-clausal Constituents: An Overview.” Pp. 1-26 in Outside the Clause: Form and Function of Extra-Clausal Constituents. Eds. G. Kaltenböck, E. Keizer, and A. Lohmann. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. find
  37. Khan, G. 1997. “Tiberian Hebrew Phonology.” Pp. 85–102 in Phonologies of Asia and Africa. Ed. A.S. Kaye. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns. find
  38. Kienast, B. 2001. Historische Semitische Sprachwissenschaft. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. find
  39. Klein, E. 1987. A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Hebrew Language for Readers of English. Jerusalem: University of Haifa. find
  40. Krause, H.-J. 1973. “Hôj als profetische Leichenklage über das eigene Volk im 8. Jahrhundert.” Zeitschrift für die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft 85/1:15–46. find
  41. Lambdin, T.O. 1971. Introduction to Biblical Hebrew. New York: Scribner’s Sons. find
  42. Lambert, S.M. 1897. “Sur la syntaxe de l’impératif en Hébreu.” Revue des Études Juives 35:106–9. LEB = Lexham English Bible. 2012. Logos Bible Software. find
  43. Lee Petter, D. 2009. The Book of Ezekiel–Patterned After a Mesopotamian City Lament. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto. find
  44. Meinard, M. 2015. “Distinguishing Onomatopoeias from Interjections.” Journal of Pragmatics 76:150–68. find
  45. Murtonen, A. 1990. Phonetics and Phonology. Leiden: Brill. NASB = Holy Bible: New American Standard Bible. 1971. La Habra: The Lockman Foundation. find
  46. Nordgren, L. 2015. Greek Interjections. Berlin: de Gruyter. find
  47. Norrick, N. 2009. “Interjections as Pragmatic Markers.” Journal of Pragmatics 41/5:866–89. find
  48. __. 2011. “Interjections.” Pp. 243–91 in Pragmatics of Society. Eds. G. Andersen, and K. Aijmer. Berlin: de Gruyter. find
  49. __. 2015. “Interjections.” Pp. 249–73 in Corpus Pragmatics. Eds. K. Aijmer, and C. R ü hlemann. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. NRSV = The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. 1989. Nashville: Nelson. find
  50. N ü bling, D. 2001. “Von oh mein Jesus! zu oje!–Der Interjek-tionalisierungspfad von der sekund ä ren zur prim ä ren Interjektion.” Deutsche Sprache 29/1:20–45. find
  51. __. 2004. “Die prototypische Interjektion: Ein Definitions-vorschlag.” Zeitschrift f ü r Semiotik 26/1–2:11–46. find
  52. O’Connell, D., S. Kowal, and C. Ageneau. 2005. “Interjections in Interviews.” Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 34:153–71. find
  53. Procházka, S. 2006. “Arabic.” Pp. 423–31 in Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics. Ed. K. Brown. Amsterdam: Elsevier. find
  54. Richter, W. 1980. Grundlagen einer althebraïschen Grammatik. Vol. III. Die Beschreibungsebenen: 3 Der Satz. St. Ottilien: EOS Verlag. find
  55. Robar, E. 2014. The Verb and the Paragraph in Biblical Hebrew: A Cognitive-Linguistic Approach. Leiden: Brill. find
  56. Rubba, J. 2001. “Introflection.” Pp. 678–94 in Language Typology and Language Universals–An International Handbook. Eds. M. Haspelmath, E. Kö nig, W. Oesterreicher, and W. Raible. Berlin: de Gruyter. find
  57. Schökel, L., and T. Holm. 2000. The Literary Language of the Bible: The Collected Essays of Luis Alonso Schökel. North Richland Hills: Bibal Press. find
  58. Slager, D., and L. Zogbo. 2014. “Le terme hébreu יוה hôy: cri de désespoir ou malédiction?” Le Sycomore 7/2:1–22. find
  59. Soden, W.V., and B. Meissner. 1965. Akkadisches Handwö rter-buch. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. find
  60. Stange, U. 2016. Emotive Interjections in British English. A Corpus-Based Study on Variation in Acquisition, Function and Usage. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. find
  61. Stange, U., and D. Nübling. 2014. “Interjections.” Pp. 1982– 89 in Body–Language–Communication. Eds. C. M ü ller, A.J. Cienki, E. Fricke, S.H. Ladewig, D. McNeill, and S. Tessendorf. Berlin: de Gruyter. find
  62. Swearingen, A. 2017. “Crossing the categorial divide: Imperative and interjection conversion in Romance.” Pp. 291–317 in Imperatives and Directive Strategies. Eds. D. van Olmen, and S. Heinold. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. find
  63. Van der Merwe, C.H.J., and J.A. Naudé. 2017. A Biblical Hebrew Reference Grammar. London: Bloomsbury. find
  64. Velupillai, V. 2012. An Introduction to Linguistic Typology. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. find
  65. Vermeylen, J. 1978. Du Prophète Isaïe à l’Apocalyptique: Isaïe I– XXXV, Miroir d'un Demi-Millénaire d’Expérience Religieuse en Israël. Paris: Gabalda. find
  66. Waltke, K., and M. O’Connor. 1990. An Introduction to Biblical Hebrew Syntax. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns. find
  67. Wanke, G. 1966. “ יוֹא und יוֹה .” Zeitschrift für die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft 78/2:215–18. find
  68. Watson, J.C.E. 2006. “Arabic as an Introflecting Language.” Pp. 431–34 in Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics. Ed. K. Brown. Oxford: Elsevier. find
  69. Weir, W. 1971. The Nature and Origin of the Woe-Speeches of the Prophets. PhD dissertation, University of Southern California. find
  70. Weninger, S. Ed. 2011. The Semitic Languages: An International Handbook. Berlin: de Gruyter. find
  71. Westbury, J. 2014. Left-Dislocation in Biblical Hebrew: A Cognitive Linguistic Account. PhD dissertation, Stellenbosch University. find our card
  72. Westermann, C. 1967. Basic Forms of Prophetic Speech (Transl. by H.C. White). Philadelphia: Westminster Press. find
  73. Wierzbicka, A. 1991 [2003]. Cross-Cultural Pragmatics: The Semantics of Human Interaction. Berlin: de Gruyter. find
  74. __. 1992. “The Semantics of Interjections.” Journal of Pragmatics 18/2–3:159–92. find
  75. Wilkins, D. 1992. “Interjections as Deictics.” Journal of Pragmatics 18/2–3:119–58. find
  76. Williams, G.J. 1967. “The Alas-Oracles of the Eighth Century Prophets.” Hebrew Union College Annual 38:75–91. find
  77. Wolff, H.W. 1977. Joel and Amos (Transl. by W. Janzen, S.D. McBride Jr. and C.A. Muenchow). Philadelphia: Fortress. find
  78. Zobel, H.-J. 1978. “ יוֹה hôy.” Pp. 359–64 in Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament. Vol III. Eds. G.J. Botterweck, and H. Ringgren. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans. find

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/hbo-2020-andrason-structure-interjections-biblical-hebrew-phonetics/