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A Modern English Grammar on Historical Principles, Parts II–VI

Summary

Jespersen's multi-volume descriptive grammar of English, written over four decades, covers the language from Shakespeare to the 1930s and explains each present-day form through its history. Every phenomenon is illustrated by many dated quotations from literature, labelled as British or American, vulgar, archaic or poetic, which makes the work a large corpus of usage in its own right. Jespersen splits grammar into morphology (from form to meaning, the hearer's view) and syntax (from meaning to form, the speaker's view), and uses his own terminology: ranks (primary, secondary, tertiary words), nexus versus junction, conversion as a zero suffix, and "metanalysis" for re-segmentation of words. Mova uses five parts: four on syntax and the morphology volume. For annotation checking it is most valuable for its inventories of forms (irregular verbs, suffixes), its spelling rules for inflection, and its systematic account of doublet forms and which one is used attributively or predicatively.

How Mova uses it

Effectiveness in Mova

A core reference for the English rule seeds; its own contribution is not measured separately. The rule engine as a whole (rules from all sources together) has been measured, not per book: on UD EWT train only 16 of 213 error-level rules fire at all, and almost all of their hits are errors in EWT itself; on a 292-sentence Opus annotation, violations of error-level rules were real errors in 36 of 36 cases, but covered only 6.4% of the erroneous tokens (warn-level rules another 3.9%). In short: precise, low recall, useful as hints rather than full control.

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Cite

The paper itself, not this card. BibTeX from the library's record of the work.

@book{jespersen1914modern,
  title = {{A Modern English Grammar on Historical Principles, Parts II–VI}},
  author = {Jespersen, Otto},
  year = {1914},
  url = {https://archive.org/details/modernenglishgra03jesp}
}

References

51 references, 0 of them with a card of ours. ↗ leads to the work, «find» searches for one we have no id for yet.

  1. Ade A = George Ade. Artie. Chicago 1897. adj = adjective. adv = adverb. Alden U = Percy Alden, The Unemployed. L. Aldrich 8 = Thomas B. Aldrich, The Stillwater Tragedy. find
  2. T. 1880. Alford Q = DeanAlfird, The Queen's English, 8 th ed. L 1889. Allen W = Grant Allen, The W o m a n W h o Did. T 1895. S = — Strange Stories. L 1899. A m r = American. Anstey V = F. Anstey, Vice Versa. L 1882. A R = The Ancren [hetter: Anerene] Riwle, ed. by Morton. L 1853. Archer A = William Archer, America To-Day. L 1904. Arnold P = Matthew Arnold, Poetical Works. L 1890 (MM). Ascham S = Roger Ascham, The Scboolemaster (Arber). T = — Toxophilus (ib.). Austen E = Jane Austen, E m m a . T. M = — Mansfield Park. L 1897. p = — Pride and Prejudice. L 1894. S = — Sense and Sensibility. L n. d. A V = The Authorised Version of the Bible 1611 (Facsimile ed., Oxford 1833). — 20 th 0. V. [or Tr.] = The Twentieth Century N e w Testament, L 1898—1901. Bacon A = Francis Bacon, The N e w Atlantis, ed. Moore Smith. Cambridge 1900. E = — Essays, ed. Wright. L 1881. Bale T = John Bale, A Comedy concernynge Thre Lawes 1538, ed. find
  3. Schroer (Anglia V 1882). Barrie A = James M. Barrie, Auki Licht Idylls. L 1808. M = — The Little Minister. L 1893. MO = — Margaret Ogilvy. T 1897. T = — T o m m y and Grizel. L 1900. find
  4. XIV Abbreviations and List of Bpoks. Beaconsfield L = Benjamin Disraeli, Lothair. L n. d. Beaumont = Francis Beaumont and John Fletcher, ed. Glover and Waller. Cambridge 190,5. (Sometimes also quoted from Mermaid series ed.) Behn = Aphra Behn, The Novels, ed. E. A. Baker. L 1904. Bellamy L = Bellamy, Looking Backward. L n. d. Bennett A = Arnold Bennett, Anna of the Five Towns. L 1912. B = — The Grand Babylon Hotel. L(1912). C = — Clay hanger. T 1912. H sa — H o w to Live on 24 Hours. L 1912. HL = — Hilda Lessways. T 1912. W = — Old Wives' Tale. T 1909. Benson W = Arthur C. Benson, From a College Window. L 1906. Benson.B = Edward F. Benson, The Babe B. A. L 1911. D = — Dodo. T 1894. J = — The Judgment Books. L 1895. Bentley T = E. C. Bentley, Trent's Last Case. L 1912. Beow = Beowulf. Birrell 0 = Augustine Birrell, Obiter Dicta. L (6 d ed.). BJo = Ben Jonson, generally quoted from Mermaid ed. Black F as William Black, The New Prince Fortunatus. T 1890. P = — The Princess of Thule. T. Ph =s — The Strange Adventures of a Phaeton. L s. a. Bogholm = N.Bogholm, Bacon og Shakespeare. Kabenbavn 1906. Borst G = Eugen Borst, Die Gradadverbien im Engliseben. Heidelberg J902. Boswell = James Boswell, Life of S. Johnson, ed. Fitzgerald. L 1900. Bradley M = Henry Bradley, The Making of English. L 1904. Bradley S = Andrew C. Bradley, Shakespearean Tragedy. L 1904. Bridges E = Robert Bridges, Eros and Psyche. L 1894. Bronte P = Charlotte Bronte, The Professor. L 1867. Browning = Robert Browning, Poetical Works. L 1896 (Two vols.). Mrs Browning A = Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Aurora Leigh. T. Buchanan J = Robert Buchanan, The WsDdering Jew. L 1893. Banyan G = John Bunyan, Grace Abounding, etc., ed. Brown. Cambridge 1907. Burns = Robert Barns. The Centenary edition. Edinburgh 1896. Butler Er = Samuel Butler (f 1902), Erewhon. L 1913. E = — Essays on Life, Art and Science. L 1908. N as — Note-Books. L 1912. Butler H = Samuel Butler (f 1680), Hudibras, ed. by Waller. Cambridge 1906. find
  5. XV Byron = George Gordon Byron, Poetical Works, ed. E. B. Coleridge. L 1905. Ch = — Childe Harold (Canto and stanza). DJ = — Don Juan (Canto and stanza). find
  6. I c. = century. Caine C = Hall Caine. The Christian. L 1897. E — — The Eternal Life. L 1901. M = — The Manxman. L 1894. P = — The Prodigal Son. L 1904. — The Shadow of a Crime. (The Engl. S = Libr.) 1892. Carlyle F = Thomas Carlyle in Froude, Life (1,2 = First 40 Years of his Life, L 1882; 3,4 == His Life in London. L 1884). G = — Correspondence with Goetbe, ed. Norton. L 1887. H = — Heroes and Hero-Worship. L1890. P = — Past and Present L 1893. R = — Reminiscences, ed. by Froude. L 1881. 8 = — Sartor Resartus. L n. d. Cambridge Trifles [anonymous]. L 1881. Carpenter C = Edward Carpenter, Civilisation, its Cause and Cure. L 1897. E = — England's Ideal. L 1887. L = — Love's Coming of Age. Manchester 1897. P = — Prisons, Police, and Punishment. L 1905. Carroll L = Lewis Carroll, Through the Looking-Glass. L (6 d). A = — Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. L (6d). Caxton B = William Caxton, Blanchardyn, ed. Kellner. L 1890. R = — Reynard the Fox. (Arber.) cf = confer. Ch sas Geoffrey Chaucer, Skeat's Six-Volume Edition. (A, B, C, etc., the Groups in Canterbury Tales. M P == Minor Poems. H F = House of Fame. L f G W ] = Legend of Good W o m e n . T = Troilns.) Chesterton B = Gilbert K. Chesterton, Browning. L 1906. F = — The Innocence of Father Brown. T 1911. Clongh = Arthur H. Clough, Poems and Prose Remains. L 1869 (2 vols.). find
  7. XVI Abbreviations and I T S T O B O W B " Coleridge — Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Poetical Works. L 1893 (MM). B = — Biographia Literaria. (Every-, man.) Sh = — Lectures on Shakespeare. (Bohn.) coll. = colloquial. Collier E = Price Collier, England and the English. N e w York 1909. Collingwood R = W . G. Collingwood, Life of John Raskin. L 1905. Congreve — William Congreve, Mermaid ed. L. Conway C = Hugh Conway, Called Back. T 1884. Cowper = William Cowper, Poetical Works. find
  8. Globe ed. L 1889. L = — Letters ed. J. G. Eraser. L 1912. cp = compare. Dan = Danish. Darwin B = Charbs Darwin, His Life, etc, by F. Darwin. L 1892. L = — Life and Letters, 3 vols. L 1888. Decker S = Thomas Decker, The Seven Deadly Sins, ed. Arber. L 1879. Defoe G = Daniel Defoe, The Complete Gentleman, ed. by Bfu-bring. L 1890. P = — Journal of the Plague Year, ed. by Brayley. L n. d. R = — Robinson Crusoe 1719. [Facsimile ed. L 1883.] R2 = — Farther Adventures of Robinson Crusoe. L 1719. Di D = Charles Dickens, David Copperfield. L 1897 (MM). — Dombey and Son. L 1887 (Ch. D. ed.). Do = L = — Letters. L 1898 (MM). M =ss — Martin ChaKlewit. L n. d. <Ch. D. ed.). N = — Nicholas Nickleby. L 1900 (MM). — Pickwick Papers. T. Pw = Sk = — Sketches. T. T = — Tale of T w o Cities. T. X = — Christmas Books. L 1892 (MM). diaL = dialects), dialectical. Dickinson C = G. Lowes Dickinson, Letters from John Chinaman. L 1904. Im = — Is Immortality Desirable? Boston 1909. R = — Religion. L 1906. S = — A Modern Symposion. L 1906. find
  9. XVII Dobson F = Henry A. Dobson, Fielding. L 1889. P = — Collected Poems. L 1897. Doyle B = Arthur Conan Doyle, The Hound of the Baskervilles. T 1902. F = — The Sign of Four. T 1891. G = — The Great Shadow. T 1893. M = — The Stark Munro Letters. T 1695. Sl,2= — Adventures; 3,4 = Memoirs; 5,6 = Return; of Sherlock Holmes. T 1893—1905. St = — A Study in Scarlet. T 1892. Dryden = John Dryden, Poetical Works. find
  10. Globe ed. L. 1890. (Sometimes also quoted vol. 5 of Scott's ed.) Dyboski T = R o m a n Dyboski, Tennysons Sprache und Stil. Wien 1907. E = English. E3, see below Sh. ed. = edition, edited. E D D = Joseph Wright, English Dialect Dictionary. L 1898 ff. E E P = Alexander Ellis, O n Early English Pronunciation. L 1869ff. Egerton Castle K = Egerton Castle, Keynotes. L 1893. ElE saa Elizabethan English. Eliot, see G E . Elizabeth R = The Adventures of Elizabeth in Rflgen. L 1911. Ellis M = Havelock Ellis, M a n and W o m a n . L 1904. N = — The N e w Spirit. L 1892. Escott E = T. H. S. Escott, England. L 1887. ESt = Englische Studien. Leipzig. F = French; folio. Farquhar B = George Farqnbar, The Beaux' Stratagem (in Restoration Plays, Everyman 1912). Fielding = Henry Fielding, Works, Second ed. L 1762 (8 vols.). T = — T o m Jones. L 1782 (4 vols.). First = M y First Book, by W . Besant and 20 other writers. L 1897. Fludyer = Harry Fludyer at Cambridge [by R. C. Lehmann], L 1890. Fox = Memories of Old Friends, from the Journals of Caroline Fox. T 1882. Franklin = Benjamin Franklin, Autobiography, ed. by Maedonald. L 1905. Franz = W . Franx, Shakespeare-Grammatik. 2. Aufl. Heidelberg 1909. Froude C = James Anthony Froude, Carlyle [see above]. O as — Oceana. T 1886. find
  11. XVIU Abbreviations and List Of Broko. G = German. • Galsworthy C = John Galsworthy, The Country House. L 1911. M = — A Motley. T 1910. — Plays ( 1 = Silver Box. 2 = Joy. p ss 8 a=s Strife. 4 = The Eldest Son. 5 = The Little Dream. 6 = Justice). L 1910—12. Galton H = Francis Galton, Hereditary Genius. L 1892. Gardiner H = Samuel R. Gardiner, Student's History of England. L 1898. Garnett T = Richard Garnett, The Twilight of the Gods. L 1888. G E A = George Eliot, A d a m Bede. L 1900. L a= — Life and Letters. T. M = — Mill on the Floss. X Mm = — Middlemarch. N e w York n. d. (Burt). S = — Silas Marner. T. V = — The Lifted Veil. T. Gibbon M = Edward Gibbon, Memoirs of .the Life, ed. by Birk-beck Hill. L 1900. Gilbert = W . 8. Gilbert, Original Plays. First Series. L 1884. Gissing B = George Gissing, Born in Exile. L (Nelson). G = — The N e w Grub Street L 1908. O = — The Odd W o m e n . L (Nelson). R = — The Private Papers of Henry Rye-crofl L 1912. Goldsmith = Oliver Goldsmith, Globe ed. L 1889. Gosse D = Edmund Gosse, T w o Visits to Denmark. L 1912. F = — Father and Son. L 1907. L = — English Literature, Illustrated. L 1903. P = — Portraits and Sketches. L 1912. Grand T = Sarah Grand, The Heavenly Twins. L 1893. Gr = Greek. Green H = John Richard Green, A Short History of the English People. Ulustr. ed. L 1894. Greene F = Robert Greene, Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay, ed. Ward. find
  12. Haggard S = Rider Haggard, She. L 1896. Hamerton F as Philip G. Hamerton, French and English. T. Hardy E = Thomas Hardy, The Hand of Ethelberta. T 1876. F = — Far from the Madding Crowd. L1906. L = — Life s Little Ironies. L 1908. T as — Teas of the D'Drbervilles. L 1892. W aa= _ Wessex Tales. L 1889. find
  13. XIX Harraden D = Beatrice Harraden, The Scholar's Daughter. T 1906. F = -The Fowler. L 1899. S = — Ships that Pass in the Night. L (6d ed> Harrison R = Frederic Harrison, John Ruskin. L 1902. Hawthorne [also Hawth] = Nathaniel Hawthorne, Works. find
  14. N. Y. 1900. S = — The Scarlet Letter. L 1903. Sn = — The Snow Image and other Twiee-ToldTales. find
  15. N. Y. n.d. (Caldwell). T = — Tanglewood Tales. L. n. d. (Warne). Hay B = [John Hay], The Breadwinners. T 1883. Henley B = William E. Henley and Stevenson, Beau Austin. L. Burns = — Barns in Centenary ed. Herrick M = Robert Herrick, Memoirs of an American Citizen. find
  16. N. Y. 1905. Hewlett F = Maurice H. Hewlett, The Forest Lovers. L 1910. Q = — The Queen's Quair. L 1904. Holmes A = : Oliver W . Holmes, The Autocrat of the Breakfast Table. L 1904. Hope C = Anthony Hope [Hawkins], Comedies of Courtship. T 1896. Ch = A Change of Air. T 1893. — = D Dolly Dialogaes. L 1894. — F = Father Stafford. L 1900 (6d ed.). — Intrusions of Peggy. L 1907 (Nelson). In = — M = A Man of Mark. L (6d ed.). — Quisante. L (Nelson). — Q = Rupert of Hentzau. T 1898. R = — The Prisoner of Zenda. L 1894. Z ass — Housman J = Laurence Housman, John of Jingalo. L 1912. Hughes T1 = Thomas Hughes, T o m Brown's School-Days. L 1886. T2 = — T o m Brown at Oxford. L 1886. ib = ibidem (same work). id = idem (same author). IF = Indogermanische Forschungen. Jackson S = Hoi brook Jackson, Bernard Shaw. L 1907. Jacobs L = W . W . Jacobs, The Lady of the Barge. L (Nelson). James A = Henry James, The American. T. S = — The Soft 8ide. L 1900. TM = — T w o Magics. L. Jerome T = Jerome K. Jerome, Three Men in a Boat. L 1889. Jerrold C = Douglas Jerrold, Mrs. Caudle's Curtain Lectures. L. find
  17. XX Abbreviations and List ol Books. Jevons L = W . Stanley Jevons, Elementary Lessons in I/Ogic. L 1885. Johnson R -= Samuel Johnson, Rasselas ed. by Birkbeck-Hill. Oxford 1887 Jonson, see BJo. Joyce lr = P. W . Joyce, English as we speak it in Ireland. L 1910. Keats = John Keats, The Complete Works, ed. Buxton Korman. Glasgow 1900. Ker E = W . P. Ker, English Literature, Medieval. L 1912, Kidd S = Benjamin Kidd. Social Evolution. L 1894. Kingsley H = Charles Kingsley, Hypatia. L n. d. Kipling B = Rudyard Kipling, Barrack-Room Ballads. 1892 (Engl. Libr.). Jl = — The Jangle Book 1897. (Engl. L.) J2 = — The Second Jungle Book. find
  18. T. 1897. L = — The Light that Failed. (Engl. L.) MOP = — Mine O w n People. (Engl. L.j P = — Puck of Pook's Hill. T. S = — Stalky & Co. T. 8T = — Soldiers Three. T. Knecht K = Jacob Knecht, Die Kongruenz zw. Sabjekt und Pradikat. Heidelberg 1911. Kriiger = Gustav Kruger, Schwierigkeiten des Englischen. Dresden u. Leipzig 1897 ff. Lamb £ = Charles Lamb, The Essays of Elia. L 1899 (Dent). R = Rosamund Gray. L 1905. Landor C — Walter S. Landor, Imaginary Conversations, ed. Have lock Ellis. L 1886. p = — Pericles and Aspasia, ed. id. L. n. d. Lang C = Andrew Lang, Custom and Myth. L 1893. E = — Essays in Little. L 1891. T =s — Tennyson. 1904. Lat = Latin. Lecky D = William E. H. Lecky, Democracy and Liberty. L 1896. Le Gallienne Y = Richard Le Gallienne, Young Lives. L. Lewes H = George H. Lewes. History of Philosophy. L 1893. London A = Jack London, Adventure. L 1911. C — — The War of the Classes. find
  19. N. Y. 1905. F . = • — The Faith of Men. L 1904. w = — White Fang. L 1908. Longfellow = Henry W. Longfellow, Poetical Works. L 1881. Lounsbury SU = Thomas U. Lounsbury, The Standard of Usage in English. find
  20. N. Y. 1908. Lowell = James R. Lowell, Poetical Works in one vol. L 1892 (MM). St = M y Study Windows. L n.d. (Scot*). find
  21. XXI Lubbock P = John Luhbock, The Pleasures of Life. L (6d ed.). Lyly C = John Lyly, Campaspe, in Manly, Specimens of the Pre-Shakesperean Drama. Boston 1900 (Page). Macaulay B = Thomas B. Macaulay, Biographical Essays. T. E = — Essays, Critical and Historical. T. — History of England. T. H = MacCarthy = Justin MacCarthy, A History of Our Own Times. find
  22. N.Y. 1880. Macdonald F, see Franklin. Maclaren A = Ian Maclaren [John Watson], The Days of Auld Langsyne. L 1896. Mai = Malory. Malet C = Lucas Malet [Mary Harrison], Sir Richard Calmady. L 1901. Malory = Thomas Malory, MorteD'Arthur, ed. O. Sommer. L 1889. Marlowe F = Christopher Marlowe, Dr. Faustus. J = — The Jew of Malta. Tamburlaine. T = — All in Breymann & Wagner's ed. Heilbronn 1885 ff. Marlowe H = Christopher Marlowe, Hero and Leander; in Tucker Brooke's ed. find
  23. Oxf. 1910. The name of Marlowe often abbreviated Ml or Marl. Masefield C = John Masefield, Captain Margaret. L n.d. (Nelson). E = — The Everlasting Mercy. L 1912. M = — Multitude and Solitude. L n. d. (Nelson). W = — The Widow in the Bye-Street. L 1912. Matthews A = Brander Matthews, The American of the Future. find
  24. N. Y. 1909. F = — His Father's Son. find
  25. N. Y. 1896. Maurier T = George Du Maurier, Trilby. L 1894. M E a= Middle English. Mered E -= George Meredith, The Egoist. L 1892. H = — Evan Harrington. L 1889. R = — The Ordeal of Richard Feverel. L 1895. T ass _ The Tragic Comedians. L 1893. Merm. = The Mermaid Senes of the Old Dramatists. Merriman H — H. Seton Merriman [H. S. Scott], The Sowers. L 1905. V == — The Vultures. L 1902. Mi. see Milton. Mill L = John Stuart Mill. On Liberty. L 1859. find
  26. XXII Milton A = John Milton, Areopagitica, ed. Hales. Oxf. 1898. Poetical Works from H. C. Beecbing's ed. find
  27. Oxf. 1900: C = Corous; P L = Paradise Lostf P R = Paradise Regained; S = Sonnets; SA =• Samson Agonistes. Other titles occasionally abbreviated. Ml, see Marlowe. M o d E = Modern English. More U = Thomas More, Utopia, Robinson's transl. ed. by J. H. Lupton, Oxf. 1895 (A = Arber's reprint of 2d ed.). Morley M = John Morley. Miscellanies. L 1886. Morris C = William Morris, Signs of Change. L 1888. E = — The Earthly Paradise. L 1890. N s= — News from Nowhere. L 1908. Mulock H = Dinah Mulock (Mrs. Craik), John Halifax Gentleman. T. Murray D = James A. H. Murray, The Dialect of the Southern Counties of Scotland. L 1873. N E D s=r A N e w English Dictionary, by Murray, Bradley, Craigie. find
  28. Oxf. 1884 ff. Norris O = Frank Norris, The Octopus. L 1908 (Nelson! P = — The Pit. L 1908 (ib.). S = — Shanghaied. L (ib.). N P = Newspaper (or periodical; among those most frequently quoted are The Times, Daily News, Daily Chronicle, Westminster Gazette, The Tribune; N e w York Times, Evening News; Everyman, Public Opinion; The Outlook; The Bookman, Review of Reviews, The World's Work). O E = Old English. O F = Old French. Orr L = Mrs Orr, Life of Robert Browning. L 1891. Otway = Thomas Otway, The Orphan and Venice Preserved, ed. McClumpha. Boston (1904?). Page J = Thomas Nelson Page. John Marvel Assistant. N. Y. 1!K)9. Halm P = Birger Palm. The Place of the Adjective Attribute. Land 1911. Parker R = Gilbert Parker, The Right of Way. L 1906. Pater P = Walter Pater, Imaginary Portraits. L 1887. R = — The Renaissance. L 1912. Payn 8 = James Payn, Sunny Stories. L. ? E = Present English. Peacock S = Thomas L. Peacock, Memoirs of Shelley, ed. Brett-Smith. L 1909. Peele D = George Peele, David and Bethaabe, in Manly's Specimens of Pro-Sh. Drama U (page). Philips L = F. C. Philips, As in a Looking-Glass. T 1886 find
  29. XXIII Phillips P = Stephen Phillips, Paolo and Francesca. L 1900. Phillpotts K = Eden Phillpotts, The Three Knaves. L 1912. M = — The Mother. L 1908. PhSt ass Phonetische Studien. Marburg. Pinero B = Arthur W . Pinero, The Benefit of the Doubt L 1895. M = — The Magistrate. L 1897. Q = — The Gay Lord Quex. L 1900. S = — The Second Mrs. Tanqueray. L 1895. pi = plural. Poe = Edgar Allan Poe, The Works. L 1872. Poe S ss= — Selections. L (1887?, Cassell's Red Libr.). Pope = Alexander Pope. Poetical Works. find
  30. Globe ed. L 1892. prep aas preposition. ptc = participle. Q = quarto. (q) = quoted second-hand. Qaincey = Thomas De Quincey, Confessions of an Opium-Eater, etc. L 1901 (MM). Quiller-Couch M = Arthur T. Quiller-Couch, Major Vigoureux. L 1907. Raleigh M = Walter A. Raleigh, Milton. find
  31. L. 1904. Sh = — Shakespeare. L 1907. Read K = Opie Read, A Kentucky Colonel. Rehearsal = George Villiers, The Rehearsal. (Arber.) Ridge B = William Pett Ridge, 69 Birnam Road. L 1907. G = — N a m e of Garland. T. L = — Xost Property. L 1902. N asa — Nearly Five Million. L 1907. S = — A Son of the State. L (6d ed.). Ritchie M = Anne Thackeray Ritchie, Chapters from some Memoirs. T 1896. RobertB M = Morley Roberts, The Private Life of Henry Mait-land. L 1912. Roister = [Udall], Ralph Roister Doister. (Arber.) Roosevelt A — Theodore Roosevelt, American Ideals. find
  32. N. Y. 1901. Rossetti = Dante G. Rossetti, Poetical Works in one vol L 1893. R o R aas Review of Reviews (generally quoted as NP). Royce R = Josiah Royce, Race Questions. find
  33. N. Y. 1908. Ru(or Ruskin) C = John Ruskin, The Crown of Wild Olive. L 1904. F = — Fors Clavigera, Readings. L 1902. P = — Praeterita. L 1907. S = — Sesame and Lilies. L 1904. Sel = — Selections, 2 vol. L 1893. find
  34. XXIV Abbreviations and List .pf Books. T = — Time and Tide. L 1904. U = — Unto This Last L 1895. sb = substantive. r ' Sc = Scotch. Schreiner T = Olive Schreiner, Trooper P. Halket. L 1897. Scott A = Walter Scott, The Antiquary. find
  35. Edinb. 1821. Iv = — Ivanhoe (Everyman.) P = — Poetical Works. (Globe ed.) Seeley £ = John R. Seeley, The Expansion of England. L 1883. L = — Lectures and Essays. L 1895. sg = singular. Sh = William Shakespeare. Abbreviations of Plays, etc., as in Schmidt s Shakespeare-Lexikon (As = As You Like It. R 2 = Richard the Second. H 4 A = First Part of Henry the Fourth. T p = Tempest, etc.) Lines numbered as in the Globe ed. Spelling as in the Folio of 1623. — [Sh?] E 3 = Edward the Third, ed. by Warnke and Proescholdt. Halle 1886. Sh-lex. = Alexander Schmidt Shakespeare-Lexicon. 3d ed. Berlin 1902. Shaw 1 = G. Bernard Shaw, Plays. Unpleasant. L 1898. 2 = — Plays. find
  36. Pleasant L 1898. B = — John Bull's Other Island. L 1907. C = — Cashel Byron's Profession. L1901. D = — The Doctor's Dilemma. L 1911. — Fabianipm. L. F s= Ibsen = — The Quintessence of Ibsenism. L. M = — M a n and Superman. L 190:5. P = — Three Plays for Puritans. L 1901. Shelley = Percy Bysshe Sheiley, Poetical Works, ed. Hutchinson. find
  37. Oxf. 1904. L = — Letters, ed. by Ingpen. L 1909. P = — [Prose], Essays and Letters. L (Camelot). Sheridan = Richard B. Sheridan, Dramatic Works. T. Sidney A = Philip Sidney, Apologie for Poetry. (Arber). Sinclair R = Upton Sinclair, The Industrial Republic, L 1907. Smedley F = Frank Smedley, Frank Fairleigh. T. Spect — (Addison, etc.] The Spectator, ed. Morley. find
  38. L. 1888. Spencer A = Herbert Spencer, Autobiography. L 1904. E = — Essays. L 1883. E d = — O n Education. L 1882. F =s — Facts and Comments. L. M = — M a n versus the State. L 1884. Spenser F Q as E d m u n d Spenser, Faery Queen, in Globe ed. find
  39. XXV St£ = Standard English. Stedman O = A. M . M . Stedman, Oxford. L 1887. Steel F = Flora A. Steel, O n the Face of the Waters. L. Stevenson A = Robert Louis Stevenson, The Art of Writing. L1905. B a= — The Black A n o w . L 1904. C = — Catriona. L. D = -The Dynamiter. L 1895. JH = — Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. T 1886. JHF = — Dr. Jekyll, etc., and Other Fables. L 1896. K = -Kidnapped. L 1886. M = — The Merry Men. L 1896. MB = — M e n and Books. L 1901. — Memories and Portraits. M P ass L 1900. T = — Treasure Island. T. U a= — Underwoods. L 1894. Virginibus Pnerisque. L V = — 1894. Sterne •*= Laurence Sterne, Works. L 1885 (Nimmo). Stockton R = Francis R. Stockton, Rndder Grange (6d ed.). Stoffel Int = Cornells Stoffel, Intensives and Downtouers. Heidelberg 1901. — Studies in English: Zutphen. S a= 1894. Storm E P h = Johan Storm, Englische Philologie. Leipzig 1892,96. Straw = Jack Straw, ed. by H. Schiitt. Heidelberg 1901. Street A = G. S. Street, Autobiography of a Boy. L 1894. — Episodes. L 1895. E a= Sweet E — Henry Sweet, Elementarbuch des gesprochenen Englisch. Leipzig 1886. NEG = — A N e w English Grammar. find
  40. Oxf. 1892, 98. p s^ — A Primer of Spoken English. find
  41. Oxf. 1890. S s= — The Practical Study of Languages. L 1899. Swift =a Jonathan Swift, Works. Dublin 1735. J =a — Journal to Stella, ed. Aitken. L 1901. P = — Polite Conversation, ed. find
  42. Saintsbury. 1892. T = — A Tale of a Tub. L 1760. Swinburne A = Algernon Charles Swinburne, Atalanta in Caly-don, etc. T. find
  43. XXVI Abbreviations and Lis* of Book?. E = —'...; Erechtheus. L 1876. L = — % Love's Cross Currents. T \ 1905. SbS a= — Songs before Sunrise. L 1903. T s= — Tristram of Lyoneese. L 1884. Tenn (or Tennyson) = Alfred Tennyson, Poetical Works in one vol. L 1894. L =ss — Life and Letters. T. Thack B = William M. Thackeray, Burlesques. L 1869. — Esmond. T. E s= H = — History of Sam. Titmarah and The Great Hoggarty Diamond. L 1878. N = — The Newcomee. L IfiOl. p = — The History of Pendennis. T. 8 =. — The Book of Snobs. L 1900. Sk = — Sketches and Travels in London. L 1901. V = — Vanity Fair. L 1890 (Minerva). Thenks = Thenks Awflly. Sketches in Cockney. L 1890. Thomson S = James Thomson, The Seasons, etc., ed. J. L. Robertson. find
  44. Oxf. 1881. Trollope D — Anthony Trollope, The Duke's Children. T. O = — An Old Man's Love. T. Twain H as Mark Twain [Samuel Clemens], Huckleberry Finn. T. M = — Life on the Mississippi. L 1887. Tylor A = Edward B. Tylor, Anthropology. L 1881. find
  45. US = United States of America. Vachell H = Horace A. Vachell, The Hill. L 1905. vb = verb. vg =a vulgar. find
  46. Walker L =s Hugh Walker, Literature of the Victorian Era. Ward D = Mrs. Humphrey Ward, David Grieve. T 1892. E = — Eleanor. L 1900. F = — Fenwick's Career. L 1906. M = — The Marriage of W m . Ashe. L (Nelson). R = — Robert Elsmere. T. Washington U as Booker Washington, Up from Slavery. find
  47. N.Y. 1905, XXVH Wells A = H. G.Wells Anticipations. L 1902. The Future in America. L 1907. F = — Fm = — The First Men in the Moon. L (Nelson). Love and Mr. Lewis ham. L 1900. L = — M = — Mankind in the Making. L 1903. The New Macchiavelli. L 1911. N = — T aas Twelve Stories and a Dream. L (6d ed.). — TM = — The Time Machine. L 1895. Ann Veronica. L 1909. V = — WW = — The War of the Worlds. L 1912 (Nelson). find
  48. Westermarck M = Edward Westermarck, The History of Human Marriage. L 1894. White N = Percy White, The New Christians. T. Whitman L = Walt Whitman, Leaves of Grass. Boston 1898. Whittier = John Greenleaf Whittier, Poetical Works. (Oxf. ed.) 1904. Wilde D = Oscar Wilde, The Picture of Dorian Gray. N. Y. n. d. H = — The Happy Prince. L 1889. Im = — The Importance of Being Earnest Ln.d. In = — Intentions. 1891 [Engl. Libr.]. L = — Lord Arthur Seville's Crime. T. P = — De Profandis. L 1905. R = — The Ballad of Reading Gaol. L 1898. S = — Sebastian Melmoth. L 1904. Wilkins P = Wilkins, Pericles, ed. by Mommsen. Oldenburg 1857. Williamson L = C. N. & A. M. Williamson, The Lightning Conductor. L (Nelson). P = — The Princess Passes. L(ib.). Wister G — Owen Wister, General Grant R = — Red Men and White. find
  49. N. Y. 1895. Wordsworth = William Wordsworth, Poetical Works, e<L Hutchinson (The Oxf. ed.). (Sometimes from Macmillans one-vol. ed. L.) Wordsworth P = William Wordsworth, The Prelude (Book and line). Worth S = Nicholas Worth, The Southerner. find
  50. N. Y. 1909. Yonge G = Charlotte M Yonge, A Book of Golden Deeds. L. find
  51. victory, as they call it, and will now flag-wag || fortwne-hunt, not NED. Byron L 82 I cannot fortune-hunt || gate-crash, not NED. Sayers GN 165 because you gatecrashed the meeting || globe-trot, NED Suppl. 1883, also Bookman Dec. 1908. 124 she globetrotted || handshake, NED Suppl. 1898, also Lewis EG 314 as he handshook his way from store to store || hay-make, not NED. Macdonell E 270 no one hay-makes in May || hen-peck (NED) || horror-strike, NED 1811. Seeley E 136 the horror-striking stories —From horror-stricken, -struck || housebreak, NED 1820 (Shelley) || house-hunt, NED 1888, also Wells N 276 we’ll have to house-hunt; ef book-hunt || housekeep, NED 1842, also NP 1925 with no palaces to housekeep for | Kipling L 240 you’d better come and housekeep for me | Merriman V 114 to housekeep generally ... I could never housekeep ... a lady who housekeeps for all humanity | Shaw IW 336 I have to be housekept-for, nursed, doctored ... || hut-keep, Morris Austr. ‘to act as a hut-keeper’ |] love-make, cannot perhaps be inferred from Walpole DW 245 A man ‘ud have a stiff time love-makin’ with her (not quite the same thing as making love to her, as it implies mutuality) || man-handle ‘treat roughly’, NED 1865. Kipling MOP 198 He’s been man-handled || merrymake, NED 1714. Maurier T 142 you merrymake together || mix-bathe (not NED) is probably an abbreviated form of mized-bathe from mixed bathing: NP 1906 the girl who marries is the girl who does not smoke, does not play hockey or bridge, and particularly does not mix-bathe || pap-feed, NED. Carlyle S 58 for a time suckled and pap-fed thee there || part(t)ake, NED || rough-ride, NED 1890 || safeguard, NED || sheepsteal, NED 1820 (Shelley) || sight-read, NED Suppl. 1903 || sight-see, NED 1835, 1843; also Elizabeth F 228 She had come to sight-see || slave-drive, not NED. Shaw J 112 employing him to slave-drive your laborers || sleep-walk, not NED. NP 1923 The heroine sleepwalks || soothsay, NED 1606 || spring-clean, NED Suppl. 1930. Earlier ex. NP 1908 He was helping his wife to ‘‘spring clean’”’ || strap-hang, NED Suppl. 1917; also Bennett H 78 you strap-hang on the Subterranean || sunbathe, not NED..Shaw TT 73 Lets sunbathe || find

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