| Estimating POS Annotation Consistency of Different Treebanks in a Language | Akshay Aggarwal, Daniel Zeman | 2020 | |
| Instance-Based Learning Algorithms | David W. Aha, Dennis Kibler, Marc K. Albert | 1991 | measured |
| Cutting Through the Noise: Boosting LLM Performance on Math Word Problems | Ujjwala Anantheswaran et al. | 2024 | measured |
| Algorithms for Scoring Coreference Chains | Amit Bagga, Breck Baldwin | 1998 | measured |
| CogNIAC: A Discourse Processing Engine | Breck Baldwin | 1995 | |
| CogNIAC: high precision coreference with limited knowledge and linguistic resources | Breck Baldwin | 1997 | |
| Curriculum Learning | Yoshua Bengio et al. | 2009 | measured |
| Pre-annotation Matters: A Comparative Study on POS and Dependency Annotation for an Alsatian Dialect | Delphine Bernhard, Nathanaël Beiner, Barbara Hoff | 2025 | |
| Universal Dependencies for Learner English | Yevgeni Berzak et al. | 2016 | |
| TnT – A Statistical Part-of-Speech Tagger | Thorsten Brants | 2000 | measured |
| Bagging Predictors | Leo Breiman | 1996 | |
| The Grammar of English Grammars | Goold Brown | 1851 (10th ed. 1880 used, Project Gutenberg #11615) | |
| Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage | Penelope Brown, Stephen C. Levinson | 1987 | |
| Automatic Annotation and Evaluation of Error Types for Grammatical Error Correction | Christopher Bryant, Mariano Felice, Ted Briscoe | 2017 | |
| The BEA-2019 Shared Task on Grammatical Error Correction | Christopher Bryant et al. | 2019 | |
| Categorization and Representation of Physics Problems by Experts and Novices | Michelene T. H. Chi, Paul J. Feltovich, Robert Glaser | 1981 | |
| Classifying Syntactic Errors in Learner Language | Leshem Choshen, Dmitry Nikolaev, Yevgeni Berzak, Omri Abend | 2020 | |
| Discriminative Reranking for Natural Language Parsing | Michael Collins | 2000 | measured |
| Discriminative Training Methods for Hidden Markov Models: Theory and Experiments with Perceptron Algorithms | Michael Collins | 2002 | measured |
| Incremental Parsing with the Perceptron Algorithm | Michael Collins, Brian Roark | 2004 | measured |
| «Are you Afraid of Ghosts?» A Proposal for Busting Predicate Ellipsis in Universal Dependencies | Claudia Corbetta, Federica Iurescia, Marco Carlo Passarotti | 2025 | |
| A Grammar of the English Language, Vol. III: Syntax | George O. Curme | 1931 | |
| Syntax of referents of relative markers: Evidence from a corpus of learner English | Izabela Czerniak, Debopam Das | 2025 | |
| IGTree: Using Trees for Compression and Classification in Lazy Learning Algorithms | Walter Daelemans, Antal van den Bosch, Ton Weijters | 1997 | measured |
| ICLE-RC: International Corpus of Learner English for Relative Clauses | Debopam Das, Izabela Czerniak, Peter Bourgonje | 2025 | |
| Universal Dependencies | Marie-Catherine de Marneffe et al. | 2021 | |
| Correcting Dependency Annotation Errors | Markus Dickinson | 2009 | |
| On Grammaticality in the Syntactic Annotation of Learner Language | Markus Dickinson, Marwa Ragheb | 2015 | |
| Identifying and Handling Cross-Treebank Inconsistencies in UD: A Pilot Study | Tillmann Dönicke, Xiang Yu, Jonas Kuhn | 2020 | |
| An Argument for Basic Emotions | Paul Ekman | 1992 | |
| Negation in Universal Dependencies | Jamie Yates Findlay, Dag Trygve Truslew Haug | 2025 | |
| A Dictionary of Modern English Usage | H. W. Fowler | 1926 (1st edition) | |
| Assessing the Agreement Competence of Large Language Models | Alba Táboas García, Leo Wanner | 2025 | |
| Evaluating Models' Local Decision Boundaries via Contrast Sets | Matt Gardner et al. | 2020 | measured |
| LLM Dependency Parsing with In-Context Rules | Michael Ginn, Alexis Palmer | 2025 | |
| Applying Occam's Razor to Transformer-Based Dependency Parsing: What Works, What Doesn't, and What is Really Necessary | Stefan Grünewald, Annemarie Friedrich, Jonas Kuhn | 2021 | measured |
| Coordinate Constructions in English Enhanced Universal Dependencies: Analysis and Computational Modeling | Stefan Grünewald, Prisca Piccirilli, Annemarie Friedrich | 2021 | |
| Simple Coreference Resolution with Rich Syntactic and Semantic Features | Aria Haghighi, Dan Klein | 2009 | |
| Resolving Pronoun References | Jerry R. Hobbs | 1978 | measured |
| Collocational bootstrapping: A hypothesis about the learning of subject-verb agreement in humans and neural networks | Claire Hobbs, R. Thomas McCoy | 2026 | |
| A Good Part-of-Speech Tagger in about 200 Lines of Python | Matthew Honnibal | 2013 | |
| Learning to Solve Arithmetic Word Problems with Verb Categorization | Mohammad Javad Hosseini et al. | 2014 | |
| Structured Perceptron with Inexact Search | Liang Huang, Suphan Fayong, Yang Guo | 2012 | measured |
| The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language | Rodney Huddleston, Geoffrey K. Pullum (and collaborators) | 2002 (cited in Mova as "Huddleston & Pullum 2001") | |
| COMET-ATOMIC 2020: On Symbolic and Neural Commonsense Knowledge Graphs | Jena D. Hwang et al. | 2020 (arXiv) / 2021 (AAAI) | measured |
| Hedging in Scientific Research Articles | Ken Hyland | 1998 | measured |
| A Modern English Grammar on Historical Principles, Parts II–VI | Otto Jespersen | 1914–1942 (Part II 1914) | |
| The Philosophy of Grammar | Otto Jespersen | 1924 | |
| Learning to Reason Deductively: Math Word Problem Solving as Complex Relation Extraction | Zhanming Jie, Jierui Li, Wei Lu | 2022 | measured |
| Minor changes make a difference: a case study on the consistency of UD-based dependency parsers | Dmytro Kalpakchi, Johan Boye | 2021 | |
| Parsing the Switch: LLM-Based UD Annotation for Complex Code-Switched and Low-Resource Languages | Olga Kellert et al. | 2025 | |
| Targeted Syntactic Evaluation for Grammatical Error Correction | Aomi Koyama et al. | 2025 | |
| A Handbook of Present-Day English | Etsko Kruisinga | 1925 (Part I, 4th ed.); Part II, 5th ed. 1931–1932 | |
| A Dependency Treebank of Spoken Second Language English | Kristopher Kyle et al. | 2022 | |
| Hedges: A Study in Meaning Criteria and the Logic of Fuzzy Concepts | George Lakoff | 1973 | |
| An Algorithm for Pronominal Anaphora Resolution | Shalom Lappin, Herbert J. Leass | 1994 | |
| Deterministic Coreference Resolution Based on Entity-Centric, Precision-Ranked Rules | Heeyoung Lee et al. | 2013 | measured |
| On Coreference Resolution Performance Metrics | Xiaoqiang Luo | 2005 | measured |
| Evaluating large language models for the tasks of PoS tagging within the Universal Dependency framework | Mateus Machado, Evandro Ruiz | 2024 | |
| Annotating Coordination in the Penn Treebank | Wolfgang Maier et al. | 2012 | |
| The Stanford Typed Dependencies Representation | Marie-Catherine de Marneffe, Christopher D. Manning | 2008 | |
| Assessing the Annotation Consistency of the Universal Dependencies Corpora | Marie-Catherine de Marneffe et al. | 2017 | |
| Annotating Second Language in Universal Dependencies: a Review of Current Practices and Directions for Harmonized Guidelines | Arianna Masciolini et al. | 2025 | |
| Step-by-step Instructions and a Simple Tabular Output Format Improve the Dependency Parsing Accuracy of LLMs | Hiroshi Matsuda, Chunpeng Ma, Masayuki Asahara | 2025 | |
| Probing the Dynamics of Syntactic Ability Acquisition Throughout LLM Pretraining | Hiroshi Matsuda, Masayuki Asahara | 2026 | |
| An English Grammar: Methodical, Analytical, and Historical | Eduard Mätzner (translated by C. J. Grece) | 1874 | |
| Assessing the Reliability of Statistical Software: Part I | B. D. McCullough | 1998 | measured |
| SPARTQA: A Textual Question Answering Benchmark for Spatial Reasoning | Roshanak Mirzaee et al. | 2021 | measured |
| Learning To Use Formulas To Solve Simple Arithmetic Problems | Arindam Mitra, Chitta Baral | 2016 | |
| CorefUD 1.0: Coreference Meets Universal Dependencies | Anna Nedoluzhko et al. | 2022 | |
| Incrementality in Deterministic Dependency Parsing | Joakim Nivre | 2004 | |
| Findings of the Fourth Shared Task on Multilingual Coreference Resolution: Can LLMs Dethrone Traditional Approaches? | Michal Novák et al. | 2025 | |
| Findings of the Fifth Shared Task on Multilingual Coreference Resolution: Expanding Datasets for Long-Range Entities | Michal Novák et al. | 2026 | |
| Are NLP Models really able to Solve Simple Math Word Problems? | Arkil Patel, Satwik Bhattamishra, Navin Goyal | 2021 | |
| All Roads Lead to UD: Converting Stanford and Penn Parses to English Universal Dependencies with Multilayer Annotations | Siyao Peng, Amir Zeldes | 2018 | |
| Udapi: Universal API for Universal Dependencies | Martin Popel, Zdeněk Žabokrtský, Martin Vojtek | 2017 | |
| A Grammar of Late Modern English | Hendrik Poutsma | 1904 (first edition; the 5 volumes used are 1914–1929) | |
| The Characters of the English Verb (1921); The Infinitive, the Gerund and the Participles of the English Verb (1923) | Hendrik Poutsma | 1921 and 1923 | |
| Scoring Coreference Partitions of Predicted Mentions: A Reference Implementation | Sameer Pradhan et al. | 2014 | measured |
| Conjunct Lengths in English, Dependency Length Minimization, and Dependency Structure of Coordination | Adam Przepiórkowski, Michał Woźniak | 2023 | |
| C4.5: Programs for Machine Learning | J. Ross Quinlan | 1993 | |
| A Multi-Pass Sieve for Coreference Resolution | Karthik Raghunathan et al. | 2010 | measured |
| Higher Lessons in English (1877/1886) and Graded Lessons in English (1877) | Alonzo Reed, Brainerd Kellogg | 1877 | |
| Solving General Arithmetic Word Problems | Subhro Roy, Dan Roth | 2015 | measured |
| Unit Dependency Graph and its Application to Arithmetic Word Problem Solving | Subhro Roy, Dan Roth | 2017 | measured |
| Mapping to Declarative Knowledge for Word Problem Solving | Subhro Roy, Dan Roth | 2018 | |
| Part-of-Speech Tagging Guidelines for the Penn Treebank Project (3rd Revision) | Beatrice Santorini | 1990 | |
| Mischievous nominal constructions in Universal Dependencies | Nathan Schneider, Amir Zeldes | 2021 | |
| Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language | John R. Searle | 1969 | |
| StepGame: A New Benchmark for Robust Multi-Hop Spatial Reasoning in Texts | Zhengxiang Shi, Qiang Zhang, Aldo Lipani | 2022 | measured |
| Does Universal Dependencies need a parsing representation? An investigation of English | Natalia Silveira, Christopher Manning | 2015 | |
| A Corpus for Reasoning About Natural Language Grounded in Photographs (NLVR2) | Alane Suhr et al. | 2019 | |
| A New English Grammar, Logical and Historical | Henry Sweet | 1891 (Part I: Introduction, Phonology and Accidence); Part II: Syntax, 1898 | |
| A Model-Theoretic Coreference Scoring Scheme | Marc Vilain et al. | 1995 | measured |
| BLiMP: The Benchmark of Linguistic Minimal Pairs for English | Alex Warstadt et al. | 2020 | |
| Towards AI-Complete Question Answering: A Set of Prerequisite Toy Tasks | Jason Weston et al. | 2015 | measured |
| Essentials of English Grammar for the Use of Schools | William Dwight Whitney | 1877 | |
| Subject-verb agreement with Seq2Seq transformers: Bigger is better, but still not best | Michael Wilson, Zhenghao Zhou, Robert Frank | 2023 | |
| Fantastic Questions and Where to Find Them: FairytaleQA – An Authentic Dataset for Narrative Comprehension | Ying Xu et al. | 2022 | |
| How Is LLM Reasoning Distracted by Irrelevant Context? An Analysis Using a Controlled Benchmark | Minglai Yang et al. | 2025 | measured |
| Assessing the influence of attractor-verb distance on grammatical agreement in humans and language models | Christos Zacharopoulos, Théo Desbordes, Mathias Sablé-Meyer | 2023 | |
| Are UD Treebanks Getting More Consistent? A Report Card for English UD | Amir Zeldes, Nathan Schneider | 2023 | |
| STaR: Bootstrapping Reasoning With Reasoning | Eric Zelikman, Yuhuai Wu, Jesse Mu, Noah D. Goodman | 2022 | measured |
| A Tale of Two Parsers: Investigating and Combining Graph-based and Transition-based Dependency Parsing | Yue Zhang, Stephen Clark | 2008 | measured |
| Encoding Logical Relations of Chinese Complex Sentences within the Universal Dependencies Framework | Hongpu Zhu, Hongzhi Xu | 2026 | |